-
Pseudomona Aeruginosa: A Challenge for Intensive Care Units
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
112-116
Received:
21 July 2021
Accepted:
30 July 2021
Published:
4 September 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is one of the main gram-negative germs that cause nosocomial infections, very frequent in intensive care units, with an increase in antimicrobial resistance in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) expressed the existence of a problem that threatens modern medicine: bacterial resistance together with infections associated with healthcare. Objectives: to carry out a bibliographic review on the incidence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in intensive care units and its presence as a causal agent of coinfection in patients with COVID-19. Methods: a search of articles was carried out in internet search engines in Spanish and English such as: Pubmed, Medline, Academic Google, Dialnet; of articles published in the last ten years in Spanish or English, the term Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was used as the only descriptor in intensive care units, COVID-19. Conclusions: in almost all patients with nosocomial infections, mainly those with pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, the common denominator is the isolation of Pseudomona Aeruginosa in at least one of the cultures performed. This situation is maintained as a problem to be solved that shows greater complexity in the context of the current pandemic. Is necessary to establish new cross infection control measures and analyze other therapeutic alternatives if one takes into account that resistance has been increasing in recent years.
Abstract: Introduction: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is one of the main gram-negative germs that cause nosocomial infections, very frequent in intensive care units, with an increase in antimicrobial resistance in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) expressed the existence of a problem that threatens modern medicine: bacterial resistance together with...
Show More
-
Modification of Dietary Habits for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People: Gout and the Japanese Diet
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
117-127
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, and it is characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals that form in the presence of increased uric acid concentrations. A high serum uric acid concentration (hyperuricemia) is frequently associated with gout. The burden of gout has increased between 1990 and 2017 globally. In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the number of gout patients are higher in men than in women. The prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. The Japanese Society of Gout and Uric & Nucleic Acids has stated that an increase in hyperuricemia and gout patients is attributed to changes in environmental factors (e.g., purine intake, fructose intake, meat and visceral intake, alcohol consumption, strenuous muscle exercise, stress, obesity) rather than genetic factors. The Japanese economy revived to pre-World War II levels around 1955 and the eating habits in 1960s became stable. The menu of Japanese food has been rapidly expanded with a variety of dishes due to the westernization of meals from 1955 to 1965. Compared to the Japanese diet in 1950, in the Japanese diet in 2016, consumption of rice and potatoes decreased, whereas intake of wheat, legumes, seeds and nuts, seaweed, vegetables, fruit, meat, seafood, eggs, milk and dairy products, oils and fats, seasoning and spices increased. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Recognizing changes in the Japanese diet are important for dietary habits modification to prevent gout in Japanese people. The objective of this article is to propose a preventive method for gout through the evaluation of recent dietary habits in Japanese people. This article suggests that changes in the Japanese diet are possible to be one of the factors contributing to the increase in the number of gout patients in Japan.
Abstract: Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, and it is characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals that form in the presence of increased uric acid concentrations. A high serum uric acid concentration (hyperuricemia) is frequently associated with gout. The burden of gout has increased between 1990 and 2017 globally. In J...
Show More
-
Modification of Dietary Habits for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People: Gout and Macronutrient Intake
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
128-142
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Monitoring the intake of nutrients and foods in Japanese people is essential in the prevention of gout. The objective of this article is to propose a preventive method for gout through the evaluation of recent dietary habits in Japanese people. In this article, the author suggests what macronutrient intake is important for the prevention of gout in Japanese people referencing the results of clinical research reported. The author used the data of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan for the number of gout patients (1986-2016) and the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan (1946-2017) for the intake of macronutrients. The relationship between the number of gout patients and macronutrient intake in Japanese people was examined. Modification of macronutrient intake for the prevention of gout in Japanese people (especially adults) is suggested as follows: energy-providing nutrient balance (percentages of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in total energy intake) should be within the range of the tentative dietary goal for preventing lifestyle-related diseases (DG); reduce fat (especially animal fat) intake and maintain the mean ratio of energy intake from saturated fatty acids in total energy intake (Saturated fatty acids/Energy) within the range of the tentative dietary goal for preventing lifestyle-related diseases (DG); limiting or decreasing intake of fat (especially animal fat); replacement of saturated fatty acids (e.g., dairy fats, meat fat) with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) (e.g., macadamia nuts, almonds, peanuts and peanut butter, olive oil, canola oil, avocados); avoidance of excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol; pay attention to sucrose and fructose intake; increase intake of dietary fiber; and maintenance of good hydration.
Abstract: In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Monitoring the intake of nutrients and foods in Japanese people is essential in the prevention of gout. The objective of this article is to ...
Show More
-
Modification of Dietary Habits for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People: Gout and Micronutrient Intake or Alcohol Consumption
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
143-157
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Monitoring the intake of nutrients and foods in Japanese people is essential in the prevention of gout. The objective of this article is to propose a preventive method for gout through the evaluation of recent dietary habits in Japanese people. In this article, the author suggests the importance of micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) intake and alcohol consumption for prevention of gout in Japanese people referencing the results of clinical research reported. The author used the data of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan for the number of gout patients (1986-2016) and the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan (1946-2017) for the intake of micronutrients. The relationship between the number of gout patients and micronutrient intake in Japanese people was examined. Modification of micronutrient intake for the prevention of gout in Japanese people (especially adults) is suggested as follows: limiting or decreasing salt intake; increase intake of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc; and limiting alcohol consumption.
Abstract: In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Monitoring the intake of nutrients and foods in Japanese people is essential in the prevention of gout. The objective of this article is to ...
Show More
-
Modification of Dietary Habits for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People: Gout and Food Intake
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
158-175
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Monitoring the intake of nutrients and foods in Japanese people is essential in the prevention of gout. The objective of this article is to propose a preventive method for gout through the evaluation of recent dietary habits in Japanese people. In this article, the author shows the relationship between the number of gout patients and food intake in Japanese people and suggests modification of food intake for the prevention of gout in Japanese people referencing the results of clinical research reported. The author used the data of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan for the number of gout patients (1986-2016) and the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan (1946-2017) for the intake of foods. The relationship between the number of gout patients and food intake in Japanese people was examined. Modification of food intake for the prevention of gout is suggested as follows: limiting the intake of meat, organ meats high in purine content (e.g., liver, kidney), confectioneries (sugary foods including desserts and sweets), and sugar-sweetened beverages; limiting alcohol beverage consumption; limiting or decreasing intake of oils and fats, and seasonings and condiments (soy paste, soy sauce, and sauce); encourage intake of fiber-rich foods (e.g., cereals, whole grains, high-fiber bread), eggs, milk and dairy products (especially low-fat dairy products), legumes, seeds and nuts, fruit, vegetables, and coffee. The above dietary habits for the prevention of gout with proper choices of foods may also play a helpful role in the prevention of gout.
Abstract: In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the prevalence of gout has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. Monitoring the intake of nutrients and foods in Japanese people is essential in the prevention of gout. The objective of this article is to ...
Show More
-
Modification of Dietary Habits for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People: Gout and Diet
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
176-189
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: The prevalence of gout in Japan has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. The objective of this article is to propose a preventive method for gout through the evaluation of recent dietary habits in Japanese people. In this article, the author suggests what foods should be chosen in proper diet or dietary pattern in Japanese people referencing the results of clinical research reported. Furthermore, this article suggests essentials of behavior for prevention of gout and its comorbidities. Diet and dietary pattern for the prevention of gout in Japanese people (especially adults) are suggested as follows: avoidance of purine-rich diet, uric acid-prone dietary pattern, animal foods dietary pattern, and the Western diet; encourage high fruit and soybean products diet, less protein-rich and more vegetable/fruit-rich materials diet, soybean products and fruit dietary pattern, polyphenol-rich dietary pattern, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (the traditional Mediterranean diet) and its dietary pattern, higher adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and its dietary pattern, and vegetarian diet (plant-based diet). Referring to or adopting dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, and vegetarian diet (plant-based diet), the author wishes to emphasize that Japanese people should eat a diet in which consciously selects foods rich in dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc and decreases intakes of fat (especially animal fat) and salt. Modification of behavior (diet, alcohol, body weight, physical activity, and tobacco) for the prevention of gout and its comorbidities in Japanese adult people is suggested as follows: avoidance of the Western diet and its dietary pattern; encourage higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (the traditional Mediterranean diet) and its dietary pattern, higher adherence to the DASH diet and its dietary pattern, and vegetarian diet (plant-based diet); limiting alcohol consumption; weight management including proper calorie intake; weight loss for overweight and obese people; adequate physical exercise (e.g., moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 30 minutes on 5-7 days per week, vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity for 75 minutes per week); and smoking cessation. The above behavior for the prevention of gout may also play a helpful role in the prevention of gout and its comorbidities.
Abstract: The prevalence of gout in Japan has increased markedly since the 1960s. This phenomenon is thought to be attributed to the westernization of the Japanese diet since 1955. The objective of this article is to propose a preventive method for gout through the evaluation of recent dietary habits in Japanese people. In this article, the author suggests w...
Show More
-
Perception of Regular Physical Activities and Factors Affecting Physical Activities Among Adult Government Office Worker in Adama Town, Ethiopia: Qualitative Study
Ebrahim Mohammed,
Mirgissa Kaba
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
190-197
Received:
21 August 2021
Accepted:
1 September 2021
Published:
14 September 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Physical activity has been traditionally defined as any bodily movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that substantially increases energy expenditure, although the intensity and duration can vary substantially. Physical activities prevent non communicable diseases. Objectives: To assess perception of regular physical activities and factors affecting physical activities among adult government office worker in Adama town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Phenomenological study design was employed. 10 Government office workers form four government offices and 1 Key informant from government office and 9 Physical exercise trainer from sport (Gyms) training center were interview using in-depth interview techniques. The sample selected purposefully and randomly. Questionnaires were prepared and modified using WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) analysis Guide in English and then translated into two local languages (Amharic and Afan Oromo). Audio record was used and recoded the the interview of 20 sample populations. Data was reduced using the language the interviewee used and then translated into English. Data imported into Open code 4.02 softwares and categorized into summaries. Socio-demographic data were entered into SPSS version 21. Thematic area were identified and analyzed based on the themes. Result: a total 20 study participants (10 Government office worker and10 Key Informant) were interviewed. All participants have good perception of physical activities. 7 of workers have moderately physical active (fulfill globally recommended physical activity rate) with 150 minutes of physical activity performance per week. The rest 3 workers have insufficient physical activities which is less than 150 minutes of physical activity per week. Factor like laziness, overloaded by office work, lack of self-confidence in doing physical activity, lack of awareness about physical activity, place factor, poor time management, lack of communication and economic status of workers were found as behaviors or factors affecting doing of physical activities among government office workers. Conclusion and recommendations: there is high number of physical activity insufficiency among workers and there are large numbers of factors that affect physical activity doing of workers. Therefore, the government should work on these factors to make worker healthy and productive.
Abstract: Introduction: Physical activity has been traditionally defined as any bodily movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that substantially increases energy expenditure, although the intensity and duration can vary substantially. Physical activities prevent non communicable diseases. Objectives: To assess perception of regular physical acti...
Show More
-
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Primary Fracture in Elderly Patients with Osteoporosis
Xiao Li,
Jun Wu,
Xiang Li,
Ka Li Frankie Leung,
Tak Man Wong,
Xinshuo Christian Fang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
198-203
Received:
17 August 2021
Accepted:
30 August 2021
Published:
15 September 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Osteoporosis is one of the major fundamental causes of fractures in individuals over 50 years old. Preventing the first fragility fracture is the most cost-effective strategy for addressing osteoporosis. Therefore, identifying individuals with a high risk of developing osteoporotic fractures is important to save limited medical resources. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) has been used globally for assessing fracture risk. However, the accuracy of FRAX still needs to be improved partially because of the differences in race and socioeconomic status among nationalities. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of FRAX in Chinese people. The factors not involved in FRAX were also evaluated for a correlation with osteoporotic fracture risks. Results: Age, smoking status, alcohol intake, family history of osteoporotic fracture, diabetes mellitus type II, Charlson Index, vitamin D intake, calcium intake, muscle strength, modified Barthel Index, the 3-level version of EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire, and bone mineral density demonstrated significant differences between the fracture and control groups. Our results also demonstrated that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-diagnosed osteoporosis (T ≤ −2.5) was the independent fracture risk factor. The effects of age, muscle strength, and Charlson Index on DEXA were found to be statistically significant. People old over 60, muscle strength test supine leg lift less than 20 times per minute, aCCI scores greater than or equal to 2, had lower DEXA T values (T ≤ −2.5). Discussion: This work was a single-center study, showed social economic status bias, and featured a limited number of cases. Therefore, multi-center studies are necessary in the future. Conclusions: This study revealed that FRAX should be improved further in combination with other risk factors, including aCCI, calcium intake, and muscle strength.
Abstract: Introduction: Osteoporosis is one of the major fundamental causes of fractures in individuals over 50 years old. Preventing the first fragility fracture is the most cost-effective strategy for addressing osteoporosis. Therefore, identifying individuals with a high risk of developing osteoporotic fractures is important to save limited medical resour...
Show More
-
Treatment Outcomes and Predictors of Outcome in Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Cohort of Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Netsanet Aragaw,
Mekonnen Teferi,
Oumer Ali,
Emawayish Tesema,
Samuel Ayele,
Habtamu Jarso,
Kifle Woldemichael
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
204-212
Received:
12 August 2021
Accepted:
7 September 2021
Published:
26 September 2021
Abstract: Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global public health crisis that needs great emphasis. Ethiopia is one of the 30 high TB, TB/HIV and drug resistant TB (DR-TB) burden countries globally and stands third among African countries. Treatment outcomes of MDR-TB are one of the essential performance indicators in evaluating the national TB control program. Such assessments however are limited at the facility and program level in Ethiopia. This study reported treatment outcomes and outcome predictors from a cohort of MDR-TB patients who were on WHO's longer treatment regimen at ALERT Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A retrospective assessment of patients’ records was made and data were collected for the period 2011-to 2016 using structured checklist. Data were double entered to Red Cap and exported to SPSS v20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was computed to get summary results, bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify factors which affect the dependent variables. Therefore a total of 363 (53.7% males and 46.3% females) MDR-TB patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 29.6 years with the standard deviation of 11.2 years; the mean BMI was 18.5 with standard deviation of 3.0; and 78 (21.5%) were HIV positive. The most prevalent side effects were gastric disturbance which includes epigastric pain/discomfort, indigestion, bloating and nausea/vomiting (46.25%). Electrolyte abnormality occurred in (39.53%) of the patents. Among all assessed patients, 147 (40.5%) were cured, 132 (36.4%) completed their treatment, treatment failure occurred in three patients (0.8%), 46 (12.7%) patients died and 35 (9.6%) patients were lost to their follow-up. Overall, treatment success of 279 (76.9%) was observed in this cohort. Female and employed patients who can generate regular income had favorable treatment outcome with (AOR: 2.5; 95%CI: 1.4, 4.2), (AOR: 2.4; 95%CI: 1.4, 4.0) respectively Patients with HIV were 50% lower to have a favorable treatment outcome than HIV negative patients with (AOR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.3, 0.9). So, it has been concluded that treatment success rate was generally encouraging. However, significant numbers of patients were lost to follow up and died. Thus, targeted interventions towards addressing factors that affected treatment outcome in MDR-TB patient management should be made. Strengthened follow up should also be in place to reduce number of lost to follow up and deaths in MDR-TB patients.
Abstract: Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global public health crisis that needs great emphasis. Ethiopia is one of the 30 high TB, TB/HIV and drug resistant TB (DR-TB) burden countries globally and stands third among African countries. Treatment outcomes of MDR-TB are one of the essential performance indicators in evaluating the nation...
Show More
