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Analysis of Hazards for Hepatitis B Virus, Across Departments and Occupations, Among Health Care Workers in Public Hospitals in White Nile State, Sudan, 2013
Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi Elsheikh,
Abdelgadir Ali Bashir,
Siham Ahmed Balla,
Asma Abdelaal Abdalla,
Mawahib Ahmed Elawad Abu Elgasim,
Zeinab Swareldahab
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
117-120
Received:
3 July 2016
Accepted:
12 July 2016
Published:
10 August 2016
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a recognized occupational hazard for health care service providers. Aim: To determine hazard of HBV markers across department and occupation, among HCWs in public hospitals, White Nile State, Sudan. Methods: It was a cross sectional study, where 385 HCWs were selected randomly. Close ended questionnaire was used. From each respondent five ml venous blood was obtained, sera was separated and stored at-20° centigrade. Cross tabulation was performed together with Chi-square test. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Anti-HBcore: department of others (medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, and ophthalmology) had got highest percentage (68.7%), followed by obs. (17.4%); the least was dentist (1.3%). Regarding occupation nurse got highest percentage (31.7%), followed by labor (27.8%); the least was pharmacist (2.6%). For HBsAg: department of others had got highest percentage of carrier rate (74.2%); followed by obs. (17.7%); the least was pharmacy (1.6%). For occupation, labor got highest percentage (27.4%), followed by nurse (25.8%); the least was pharmacist, nurse and midwife not nurse (1.6%). HBeAg: department of others had got highest percentage (72.4%); followed by obs. (20.7%); the least was surgery (6.9%). For occupation labor got highest percentage (34.5%), followed by doctor and Lab. technician (24.1%); the least was nurse-midwife, and operation assistant (3.5%). P value = 0.001. Conclusion: Statistically there was association between HBV infection and type of department and occupation. The most hazardous department was other (medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, and ophthalmology). HBsAg and HBeAg were high among laborers as occupation.
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a recognized occupational hazard for health care service providers. Aim: To determine hazard of HBV markers across department and occupation, among HCWs in public hospitals, White Nile State, Sudan. Methods: It was a cross sectional study, where 385 HCWs were selected randomly. Close ended questionnaire wa...
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Pattern of Partial Edentulism and Its Relation to Age, Gender, Causes of Teeth Loss in Jazan Population
Mohammed M. Al Moaleem,
Dawood M. Somaili,
Tayeb A. Ageeli,
Sultan M. Namis,
Abdulaziz H. Mobarki,
Mohamed Sobhy Mohamed,
Jameel A Saib,
Khurshid A. Matto
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
121-126
Received:
27 July 2016
Accepted:
4 August 2016
Published:
25 August 2016
Abstract: Introduction: Statistic distribution of Kennedy's classifications and tooth loss among general population are important reasons to assess the dentures needs and impact of preventive dentistry in any society. Aim: To determine the frequency and pattern of Kennedys classification among Jazan population in relation to different age group, gender, sites and causes of tooth loss. Material and methods: The data was collected between May 2014 and May 2015 from patients who required removable partial dentures. Clinical intra-oral and radiographic examinations were done, then the data were registered and the Kennedy classes and causes of teeth loss were recorded. The number of subjects participated were 339 male and 240 female. They were divided into five groups, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and ≥ 60 years respectively. All relevant data were entered into SPSS program and analyzed accordingly using Fisher exact test. Results: The highest number of patients among males and females were in age group of 50-59 year. Kennedy’s class III was the highest among all age groups. In males, class III Kennedy classification was the highest in both arches, while class I was the highest in female. Periodontal disease was the major cause of tooth loss in both genders, followed by dental caries. A combination of both causes was founded in less than 10% of subjects. There were significant differences between all groups. The obtained P values were statistically significant (p<.000). Conclusion: Kennedys Class III had highest frequency in males in all age groups and in both arches whereas in females, Kennedys class I was the highest. Periodontal disease was the most common cause of tooth loss in all genders followed by dental caries.
Abstract: Introduction: Statistic distribution of Kennedy's classifications and tooth loss among general population are important reasons to assess the dentures needs and impact of preventive dentistry in any society. Aim: To determine the frequency and pattern of Kennedys classification among Jazan population in relation to different age group, gender, site...
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Satisfaction with Diabetes Services at Primary Care Level, Khartoum State, Sudan
Siham Ahmed Balla,
Kamil Mirghani Ali Shaaban,
Haiedr Abu Ahmed Mohamed,
Sulaf Ibrahim Abdelaziz,
Siddik Mohamed Ahmed Shaheen
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
127-133
Received:
22 July 2016
Accepted:
24 August 2016
Published:
24 September 2016
Abstract: Background: Patients` satisfaction is an important source of information about outcome quality of care. The objective was to measure satisfaction with diabetes services provided to diabetic patients attending primary care health centres compared to specialized diabetes centres in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried targeting 712 diabetic patients randomly selected from 40 primary care health centres and three specialized diabetes centres in Khartoum State. A structured questionnaire was used included patients` characteristics and three point Likert scale to assess satisfaction. Ethical approval was obtained by informed consent from the patients. Data managed by statistical package for social science version 20. Factor analysis was carried to extract latent components of the scale. Multivariate analysis of variance tested the difference in satisfaction between primary care health centres and specialized diabetes centres at an acceptable level of significance less than 0.05. Results: The proportion of patients satisfied with diabetic services in primary health care centres was significantly low compared to specialized diabetes centres, 113 (24.5%) and 145 (57.8%) respectively, P=0.001. The mean satisfaction scores in primary care health centres and specialized diabetes centres were 1.85 ± 0.23 and 2.12± 0.33 respectively, P=0.001. Five factors were extracted from the satisfaction scale which contributed by 56.76% to the total variance. The mean satisfaction scores were significantly lower in primary care health centres compared to specialized diabetes centres regarding consultation session, technical capacity and referral, information and counseling and general satisfaction. Conclusion: Satisfaction with diabetes services was low in primary care health centres in Khartoum State. Capacity building regarding diabetes services at primary care level is recommended.
Abstract: Background: Patients` satisfaction is an important source of information about outcome quality of care. The objective was to measure satisfaction with diabetes services provided to diabetic patients attending primary care health centres compared to specialized diabetes centres in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried t...
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Survival Rate of Oral Bacteria on Toothbrush and Miswak Stick
Ismail Abbas Darout,
Husham Elraih Homeida
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
134-137
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
10 September 2016
Published:
29 September 2016
Abstract: Introduction: Oral hygiene aids including toothbrushes if not rinsed in a proper disinfectant can affect oral bacterial translocation and re-infection of the oral cavity due contamination. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate of total oral bacteria on toothbrush and miswak. Material and methods: Totally, 12young individuals with age range 22-28 years and with 20 more remaining teeth in the oral cavity participated in this study. These individuals were asked to brush one side of their mouth with miswak stick and the other side with a nylon tooth brush (Orange toothbrush No: 106A China). 6 bristles from a tuft of each toothbrush and equivalent amount of fibers from each miswak stick were cut immediately after brushing for 2 min and serially diluted in anutrient broth. The bacterial suspension was inculcated in agar plates and incubated for overnight. The used toothbrushes and miswak sticks were stored in sterile containers at room temperature and the experiment was then repeated after 24 hours of storage. The survival rates of oral bacteria were then calculated by comparing the total bacterial counts at day one and 24 hours after storage. Results: Miswak sticks harbored an average of 845.6 total oral bacterial counts and 523.7 the toothbrush respectively at a day one. After 24 hours of storage, toothbrush harbors statistically significant p <0.05 more total bacterial counts as compared with miswak stick. Conclusion: The total oral bacterial survival rate on miswak was significantly reduced as compared with a toothbrush, thus the use of miswak after 24 hours can limits the risk for oral bacterial contamination and translocation. This is the first in vivo study which shows bacterial survival rate on miswak.
Abstract: Introduction: Oral hygiene aids including toothbrushes if not rinsed in a proper disinfectant can affect oral bacterial translocation and re-infection of the oral cavity due contamination. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate of total oral bacteria on toothbrush and miswak. Material and methods: Totally, 12yo...
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Oral Health Related Knowledge and Behavior Among Secondary School Students in Jazan Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Ismail Abbas Darout,
Ali Yehia Mubarky,
Majed Ahmed Abduh
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
138-142
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
10 September 2016
Published:
29 September 2016
Abstract: Introduction: Awareness of oral health and related behavior are essential for prevention of dental caries andperiodontal diseases. This study explores secondary school students in Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the respect to frequency and quality of use and the socio-demographic distribution of oral health knowledge and behavior. Materials and methods: Five secondary schools (3 from urban and 2 from suburban) were selected to be involved in this study. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed randomly to be completed by the participants from each school after having read a consent letter. The data were processed and analyzed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Totally, 64.1% males and 71.5% females scored highly on knowledge of caries. The corresponding rates regarding the knowledge of gingivitis were 50.3% males and 50% females respectively. Toothbrushing and the use of miswak ≤ 2 times a day were confirmed by 83.7% males and 90% females and by 44.5% males and 40.3% females, respectively. The durations of toothbrushing and the use of miswak for > 2 minutes were confirmed by 43% males and 58.8% females and by 69.9% males and 72.5 females, respectively. Conclusion: Awareness of oral health issues is high, but specific misconceptions exist. There is gender equality in knowledge and practice of oral hygiene and that miswak stick was equally used with toothbrush for oral hygiene among secondary school students in Jazan.
Abstract: Introduction: Awareness of oral health and related behavior are essential for prevention of dental caries andperiodontal diseases. This study explores secondary school students in Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the respect to frequency and quality of use and the socio-demographic distribution of oral health knowledge and behavior. Mater...
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Indigenous Santal People Sense and Etiology Regarding Black Fever Illness
Md. Yeamin Ali,
Md. Redwanur Rahman,
Akib Javed,
Arook Toppo,
Mst. Rupali Akhtar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
143-150
Received:
8 August 2016
Accepted:
19 August 2016
Published:
9 October 2016
Abstract: The study aim is to know indigenous people perception, diagnosis and etiology about black fever. The perception of black fever differs to them. To them, black fever means curse of God, black power and black magic. 70% patients know about black fever through NGO or medical test. Indigenous Santal people said about different physical characteristics of black fever. Those are angry, cold felling and avoiding rice, headache, lack of blood, birth of dead children, belly become big and stop menstruation, loss of weight and strength etc. People’s knowledge about black fever, long time to recognize black fever, belief in supernatural power, belief it is touchable and fear about stigma effect on treatment of black fever patient. 78% patients believe their poor knowledge regarding black fever affect treatment process. After taking treatment from NGO or medical center 45% people didn’t face any side effect and rest of them face side effect.
Abstract: The study aim is to know indigenous people perception, diagnosis and etiology about black fever. The perception of black fever differs to them. To them, black fever means curse of God, black power and black magic. 70% patients know about black fever through NGO or medical test. Indigenous Santal people said about different physical characteristics ...
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