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Risks of the European Reduction Program Incidence of Epidemic Parotitis Delayed Implementation in Russian Federation of WHO European Region
Nadejda Yuminova,
Vadislav Semerikov,
Nikolaj Kontarov,
Irina Pogarskaya,
Ekaterina Dolgova,
Nina Povstanogova
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
34-38
Received:
30 November 2020
Accepted:
24 December 2020
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Analyzing mumps incidence worldwide, we revealed that all European countries are endemic to this viral infection. In the Russian Federation Epidemic Parotitis (EP) was taken under control since 1981, when mass pediatric vaccination has begun, followed by introduction in 1998 of children’s revaccination at the age of 6. During four decades the EP incidence in Russia has decreased 300-400 times, mortality and a number of residual phenomena have been eliminated. In 2002 the WHO Regional Committee has adopted a program to eliminate measles, reduce congenital rubella syndrome to 0.01 per 1 000 live births and the EP incidence to 1.0 or less per 100 000 population by 2010. For eighteen years the program has been delayed several times and still has not reached its goals. The main goal of our study was to evaluate humoral immunity in EP in patient cohorts of different age. We also detected specific immunoglobulin levels and dynamics in people from 3 mumps foci; identified objective causes interfering the epidemiological well-being of the Russian population, despite vaccination coverage of 95-96%. Our observations identified 2 risk groups with high mumps probability: subjects in age groups of 20 – 29 and 30 – 39 years old. The study demonstrated that the efficacy of vaccination, the intensity and duration of neutralizing mumps antibody retention is related directly to the personal immunological status and vaccine quality. In addition, our observations of subjects from 3 mumps foci as well as those, who we studied in our laboratory directly during the sporadic EP incidence increase, showed that stable, strong herd immunity cannot be achieved in long term only through pediatric vaccination and revaccination even with high population coverage. There always will be subjects non immune to EP. This number will grow after a certain time and result in an outbreak. The global goal is to monitor herd immunity both in Europe as a whole and in certain territories, including Russia. The main reason that the European community has not been able to reduce the EP incidence to goal point is the absence of a single international antibody standard that will allow to compare the individual defense level with the amount actually necessary for the protection, detected by standardized anti-mumps IgG test-system. We hope WHO will hear us and under its auspices a single certified international serum standard with known antibody level in IU will be created, and make real EP protection potential assessment possible.
Abstract: Analyzing mumps incidence worldwide, we revealed that all European countries are endemic to this viral infection. In the Russian Federation Epidemic Parotitis (EP) was taken under control since 1981, when mass pediatric vaccination has begun, followed by introduction in 1998 of children’s revaccination at the age of 6. During four decades the EP in...
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“Five Firewalls” Management Against COVID-19 for the Residents in Dormitory in Shanghai
Sun Xiaoliang,
Kang Baoli,
Ding Min,
Luo Xi,
Xu Zengguang,
Chen Chi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
39-45
Received:
27 February 2021
Accepted:
16 March 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: Objective: Study the epidemic prevention management of COVID-19 for the residents in dormitory, to protect them from infection to the greatest extent. Explore effective management methods in the case of high mobility and dense accommodation. Methods: The root cause analysis method (Ishikawa causal analysis method) was used to analyze the management status and main problems at the early stage of the epidemic from the four aspects of personnel, materials, systems and the environment. Combined with the development of the epidemic situation and policy adjusting, Shanghai East Hospital has adopted the “five firewalls” strategies to gradually strengthened the dormitory management for residents in five aspects. Results: After 6 months of management practice, the infection rate of COVID-19 among the residents of the hospital was 0% (0/287), and the infection rate among the residents in dormitory was 0% (0/103). At the same time, the results of the questionnaire survey by the residents indicated that the satisfaction with the epidemic prevention management strategies of the dormitory building reached 98.99% (98/99). Conclusion: The “five firewalls” management strategies played an active role in the epidemic prevention management for the residents in concentrated accommodation. For centralized accommodation management in a complex epidemic situation, it is very important to timely grasp the personnel physical condition and movement information, and prevent the input of the epidemic from the source; The residents-led management model can reduce the pressure on the management departments and has good results.
Abstract: Objective: Study the epidemic prevention management of COVID-19 for the residents in dormitory, to protect them from infection to the greatest extent. Explore effective management methods in the case of high mobility and dense accommodation. Methods: The root cause analysis method (Ishikawa causal analysis method) was used to analyze the management...
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Effect of Vacuum Packaging on Chewiness of Kradi Cheese Stored at Different Temperatures
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
46-49
Received:
3 April 2021
Accepted:
23 April 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: In this study effect of vacuum packaging and storage time on chewiness of kradi cheese stored at 25°C, 5°C and -20°C for different periods was studied. It was observed that both vacuum packaging and storage time had an influence on chewiness of cheese. At 25°C storage temperature initial chewiness of 52.41 N.mm in vacuum packed samples decreased to 33.24 N.mm on 20th day whereas in normal packed samples it decreased to 23.11 N.mm on 15th day of storage. At 5°C of storage temperature, the initial chewiness of 52.41 N.mm in vacuum packed samples decreased to 17.21 N.mm till 16th week of storage while in normal packed samples it decreased to 17.45 N.mm till 14th week of storage. At -20°C decrease in chewiness was very slow as compared to refrigeration temperature. At -20°C chewiness of kradi cheese was better maintained than at refrigeration temperature of 5°C in vacuum packaging and the product can be stored for long time at -20°C in vacuum packaging. Chewiness decreased more in normal packed samples than vacuum packed samples. The vacuum packaging retarded chewiness changes in comparison to normal packaging. Vacuum packaging of kradi cheese exhibited possibility of preserving kradi cheese for longer time as compared to normal packaging.
Abstract: In this study effect of vacuum packaging and storage time on chewiness of kradi cheese stored at 25°C, 5°C and -20°C for different periods was studied. It was observed that both vacuum packaging and storage time had an influence on chewiness of cheese. At 25°C storage temperature initial chewiness of 52.41 N.mm in vacuum packed samples decreased to...
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Dietary Fibre and Energy Consumption as Predictors of Anthropometric Parameters in a Youthful Male Population: A Cross-sectional Study in Sissala East
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
50-56
Received:
9 April 2021
Accepted:
26 April 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: Background: Despite the significant role of fiber and energy consumption in the development of overweight and obesity, associations between these dietary measures and the prevalence of obesity in Ghana are lacking. Hence, the objective of the survey was to determine a relationship between fiber and energy and the odds of obesity among a young male population from Sissala East Municipal. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using a randomly recruited 406 young male population (aged 20–29 years) in Sissala Municipality. Data were collected in November and December 2020. Dietary fiber and energy were obtained from the West African Food composition tables. Quantities of food consumed were assessed by using a 24-hour dietary recall approach. The proxies for general obesity and abdominal obesity were body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Before data collection, permission was sought from the Municipal Health Directorate, and traditional heads in the communities. Results: In the unadjusted binary logistic regression models, the odds of general and abdominal obesity were significantly lower in the higher quartiles of dietary fiber, compared with quartile-one. Similarly, in the adjusted model, in which the effects of age, household size of the respondent, education, occupation, and marital were adjusted, there was still a significant inverse relationship between dietary fiber and the odds of general and abdominal obesity. Conversely, there was a significant positive association between dietary energy intake and the odds of general and abdominal obesity in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusion: From the findings, dietary fiber and energy were inversely and positively related to obesity [both general and abdominal], respectively. The intake of fiber rich diets might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity and ought to be promoted by the nutrition and health authorities.
Abstract: Background: Despite the significant role of fiber and energy consumption in the development of overweight and obesity, associations between these dietary measures and the prevalence of obesity in Ghana are lacking. Hence, the objective of the survey was to determine a relationship between fiber and energy and the odds of obesity among a young male ...
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Cross-regional Variation of Complex Pregnancy Problems in Ethiopia
Endale Alemayehu,
Tsigereda Tilahun
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
57-63
Received:
24 February 2021
Accepted:
27 April 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: Adverse pregnancy outcome is a complex outcome of pregnancy other than the normal live birth. It lead to serious health consequences to the mother or the baby. It also can be still major public health and socioeconomic status problems in developing countries where most pregnancies are unplanned, complications. There is disparity of adverse pregnancy outcomes rate from region to region in Ethiopia. Objectives: The main objectives of the study were to identify the important determinant of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Ethiopia. With this study the multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the major risk factors and regional variations. Different stages of multilevel models like intercept model and slope model were employed to attain the goal of the study. The results indicated that out of 15683 reproductive age of women, 8412 (86.8%) not experiencing adverse pregnancy outcome while 1282 (13.2%) of women have experienced adverse pregnancy outcome at the time of the survey. From multilevel logistic regression, it was found that the random intercept model provided the best fit for the data under consideration. All the fitted models gave the same conclusion that, Age of mother, place of residence, antenatal care visit and delivery place, Parity, Education of mother, Marital status, Anemia level were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The random intercept multilevel model provided the best fit for the data under consideration. Furthermore, it is found that not having Antenatal care, residing in rural area, working occupational status, being anemic, increased educational level, never married, divorced, or separated marital status, being in age group of 15-24 or >35 years are associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Adverse pregnancy outcome is a complex outcome of pregnancy other than the normal live birth. It lead to serious health consequences to the mother or the baby. It also can be still major public health and socioeconomic status problems in developing countries where most pregnancies are unplanned, complications. There is disparity of adverse pregnanc...
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