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Spectrum of Uropathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Clinically Diagnosed Cases of Urinary Tract Infection in the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon
Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong,
Carlson Mbah,
Frank Eric Tatsing Foka,
Henri-Lucien Kamga
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
19-24
Received:
8 December 2016
Accepted:
9 January 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the common bacterial infections in humans both in the community and hospital settings. In spite of the availability and use of antimicrobial drugs, UTIs have shown increasing trends in recent years. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens is a serious health threat as this may complicate treatment, eventually resulting to more severe disease. Despite the importance of UTI, there is paucity of information on the aetiology of this disease especially in the Northwest Region. For that reason, the present study was designed with the aim to determine the spectrum of uropathogens and antimicrobial resistance of isolates in cases of symptomatic bacteriuria. To achieve this goal, midstream urine specimens were inoculated unto CLED media and isolates were identified using the Enterosystem 18R. Significant bacteriuria was considered with bacterial growth of ≥105 CFU/ml. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and the accuracy of the dipstick test was determined using culture as a gold standard. Significant bacteriuria was observed in 50% of the participants and the predominant uropathogens isolated were P. aeruginosa (22.4%), Klebsiella spp (14.3%), S. aureus (14.3%), CNS (14.3%) and E. coli (12.2%). High resistance (80-98%) among uropathogens was observed against clindamycin, amoxicillin and doxycycline. For the dipstick test, leucocyte esterase and nitrite showed high sensitivity (93.9%) and specificity (100%) respectively, for detecting UTI. The results of this study highlights the importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the aetiology of both community and hospital acquired UTIs. In addition, gentamicin is the most effective agent against uropathogens in the study area.
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the common bacterial infections in humans both in the community and hospital settings. In spite of the availability and use of antimicrobial drugs, UTIs have shown increasing trends in recent years. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens is a serious health threat as this may complicate treatment, even...
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Depressive Symptoms Life Satisfaction and Cognitive Health Status Among University Students in Nigeria by Gender and Ethnicity
Ezenna Michael Agwu,
Stephen Draper,
Mark De Ste Croix
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
25-37
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
19 January 2017
Published:
3 March 2017
Abstract: Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain socio-cultural, socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interaction of these factors. Aims: This study investigated mental health indicators and cognitive health status by sex and ethnicity among university students in Nigeria. Method: The study was cross sectional. Full time university students were recruited from six universities within the major three ethnic groups in Nigeria. Data collection was with an anonymous questionnaire. One thousand five hundred and forty-nine responses were valid, while 563 responses were rejected for missing data especially sex and ethnicity. The variables examined were, psychosomatic health complaints and cognitive behaviours. Descriptive tests, chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted. Results: With regard to mental health indicators, the results showed that while depression indicate significant differences by gender and ethnicity, life satisfaction showed significant differences by ethnicity alone. Cognitive health status showed sex*ethnicity interaction effect for self-efficacy, sense of coherence and powerful others locus of control. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the mental health of female students in the sample was poorer than those of male students; with female students from the Hausa ethnic group, demonstrating the worst possible health outcome.
Abstract: Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain socio-cultural, socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interaction of ...
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Prevalence of Diabetic Complications and Its Associated Factors Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetes Mellitus Clinics; Institution Based Cross Sectional Study
Kidist Reba Lebeta,
Zeleke Argaw,
Bizuayehu Walle Birhane
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
38-43
Received:
2 August 2016
Accepted:
22 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disease, leading to many complications. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ofdiabetic complications and its associated factors. To provide evidence for this conjecture, Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Samples were chosen by systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by pretested questionnaire and document review; data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Among 344 type 2 diabetes patients, more than half (53.5%) of participants had major DM complications. Among major DM complications were diabetic retinopathy, diabetic foot ulcer and diabetic nephropathy with a prevalence of 25.5%, 21.2% and 11.4% respectively. In multiple logistic regressions Ages, duration of DM and drug regimen were significantly associated with DM complications. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus complication among the type 2 DM patient is high in study area. Therefore, the health care provider should strength early detection and treatment DM client.
Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disease, leading to many complications. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ofdiabetic complications and its associated factors. To provide evidence for this conjecture, Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Samples were chosen by systematic sampling technique. Data were collected b...
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Expression of Transforming Growth Factorα and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Thyroid Carcinoma
Tahani Abduljabbar Nasser,
Kareem Hamed Ghali,
Hameed Naeem Mousa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
44-49
Received:
17 January 2017
Accepted:
18 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: The current study was performed on 178 paraffin embedded tissue specimens, included 111 of them were affected by thyroid carcinoma, 46 were benign neoplastic and 21individuals as control group. The study was carried out in Laboratory of College of Science, University of Wasit in collaboration with AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Ibn al-Bitar Laboratory Specialist in Thi Qar Province, IRAQ, from October 2015 to April 2016. Immunohistochemical technique was used to determination the expression of TGFα and its receptor EGFR in thyroid carcinoma in comparison with benign thyroid disease and control group. The aim of this study is to detect, quantify and analyze the clinicopathological correlation of those genes in patients with thyroid carcinoma. The results showed a significant increase of TGFα in thyroid patients comparing with control group and benign neoplasms, and between control group and benign neoplasms (p<0.05). On the other hand, the positive expression of EGFR was increased but did not reach to significantly difference in thyroid carcinoma in comparison with neither benign neoplasms nor control group (p>0.05). Our results concluded that there is a strong relationship between TGFα overexpression with thyroid carcinogenesis.
Abstract: The current study was performed on 178 paraffin embedded tissue specimens, included 111 of them were affected by thyroid carcinoma, 46 were benign neoplastic and 21individuals as control group. The study was carried out in Laboratory of College of Science, University of Wasit in collaboration with AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Ibn al-Bitar Labor...
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Study on Intestinal Helminth Parasites in School Children of Rangeli Municipality of Morang District in Eastern Nepal
Shiva Narayan Yadav,
Sanjay Mahato
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
50-53
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
21 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: This study was accomplished on school children with the objective to define the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites. A total of 3000 of stool samples were randomly collected from children of five schools in Rangeli municipality and were examined by a routine by saline and smear techniques. 83.3% stool samples were infected with helminth parasites. The prevalence rate of intestinal parasites was Ascaris lumbricoides (50.92%); Ancylostoma duodenale (44.56%); Trichuris trichiura (1.96%); Enterobius vermicularis (1.44%); Hymenolepis nana (1.12%). The lack of safe drinking water, food, poverty, unhygienic practices and poor environmental condition were found to be contributing factors in the maintenance of high prevalence rate of intestinal parasites infections. Parasites control programs with hygienic practice and improvement of environmental conditions along with the treatment of infected peoples may be helpful in reducing the burden of helminth intestinal parasites in children. Hygienic conditions benefit people at personal and community level and, ultimately contributes to promoting the health status of people.
Abstract: This study was accomplished on school children with the objective to define the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites. A total of 3000 of stool samples were randomly collected from children of five schools in Rangeli municipality and were examined by a routine by saline and smear techniques. 83.3% stool samples were infected with helminth par...
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