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Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006
Mahara Gehendra,
Asweto Collins,
Cao Kai,
Alzain M. Ali,
Sebastian Andrea,
Barr Jill,
Guo Xiuhua,
Wang Wei
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
318-327
Received:
7 September 2015
Accepted:
19 September 2015
Published:
13 October 2015
Abstract: Background: Maternal Mortality is a public health problem in Nepal, which was highest in 1990 among the South Asian countries. Associated factors of maternal mortality are various; among them maternal health services such as antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are the main. Methods: A multivariate secondary data analysis out based on Nepal Demographic Health Surveys 2001 and 2006. Logistic regression models was performed to compare the utilization of the ANC and PNC services, with background characteristics of women aged between 15 to 49 years old. Results: A total of 8913 reproductive aged groups (15-49) women were taken for analysis and the mean age was 28.59±7.040 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that health facility delivery (AOR=1.297, 95% CI=1.135-1.481), PNC check-up at health facility (AOD=4.442, 95% CI=2.815-7.011) and PNC service with a skilled health worker (AOD=4.533, 95% CI=2.753-7.465) utilized more in 2006 compared to 2001. This study also found that highly educated women had (AOD, 95% CI=10.823-22.968) more utilized the heath facility during pregnancy and (AOD, 95% CI=2.194-16.950) more likely during a PNC check-up, whereas, educated women were less (AOR=0.043, 95% CI=0.007-0.254) likely consult with a skilled professional. Similarly, antenatal care (ANC) visits (4 or more than four) and ANC visit in the first trimester were increased (95% CI=1.137-1.518) and (AOD=1.041, 95% CI=0.924-1.173) respectively. This study found that educated women, those who were living in urban areas, were more likely to use maternal health services compared to other regions. Conclusion: Increased in utilization of the ANC and PNC services through skilled health workers in a health facility among cohorts of educated women. However, the improvements were not equally distributed across the all regions in the country. This utilization of maternal health services is not sufficient to achieve the MDG goal. Because, health facility delivery is poor and counterpart home delivery is still high in Nepal.
Abstract: Background: Maternal Mortality is a public health problem in Nepal, which was highest in 1990 among the South Asian countries. Associated factors of maternal mortality are various; among them maternal health services such as antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are the main. Methods: A multivariate secondary data analysis out based on ...
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Own HIV/AIDS Risk Perception and Associated Factors Among Mizan Tepi, University Students: Institution Based Cross-Sectional Study
Rameto Aman Nuri,
Amene Abebe Kerbo,
Kemal Ahmed Kuti
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
328-332
Received:
20 August 2015
Accepted:
12 September 2015
Published:
22 October 2015
Abstract: Introduction: HIV/AIDS is an extraordinary king of crisis; it is both an emergency and a long term development issue. Its impact goes beyond public health concerns as it undermines the social and economic structures particularly that of developing courtiers since it is mainly affecting economically active segment of the population. Objectives: Assessment of level of HIV risk perception and associated factors among Mizan-Tepi University students, southern, Ethiopia, 2011. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study supported with qualitative study design was conducted from April to May 2011. Data was collected from 627 randomly selected regular students using pretested structured questionnaire on self-administered basis. It was coded, entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS computer software package version 16. Summary statistics of socio demographic variables were presented using frequency tables and graphs. A logistic regressions analysis method was employed. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association of dependent and independent variables. P-value less than 5% was used to declare significant association. Results: A total of 627 students were participated in the study making the response rate 97.4%. Out of the total respondents 448 (71.5%) were males. The mean age of the study population was 18.6 with standard deviation of 2.33 years. The prevalence of own HIV risk perception is 58.7%. Age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partner, khat chewing found to be associated with own HIV risk perception. From varies socio-demographic characteristics of students, age group was important variable identified as predictor for own HIV risk perception by students. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of own HIV risk perception in this study is 58.7%. Variables such as age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partner, khat chewing were identified to be strong predictors of own HIV risk perception.
Abstract: Introduction: HIV/AIDS is an extraordinary king of crisis; it is both an emergency and a long term development issue. Its impact goes beyond public health concerns as it undermines the social and economic structures particularly that of developing courtiers since it is mainly affecting economically active segment of the population. Objectives: Asse...
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Drug Utilization Evaluation of Vancomycin Among Hospitalized Patients in Internal Medicine Wards of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
Bereket Zeleke,
Ephrem Engidawork
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
333-337
Received:
3 August 2015
Accepted:
8 September 2015
Published:
30 October 2015
Abstract: Background: Vancomycin use is considered inappropriate in most hospitals. A particular concern is the recent emergence vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) which is related to the potential for nosocomial transmission, the lack of antibiotics to treat infections caused by this organism, and the possibility that the vancomycin-resistant genes present in VRE can be transferred to other gram-positive microorganisms such as S. aureus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of vancomycin among hospitalized patients in internal medicine wards of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional chart review was carried out to evaluate the utilization of vancomycin among hospitalized patients with vancomycin therapy between April 2012 to 2013. Results: One hundred twenty five patients were enrolled in the study, consisting of 60 males and 65 females. The age range was 13 to 80 years. Of all courses, 88.8% were considered to be initially appropriate, but this decreased to 6.4% after vancomycin initiation. Continued empiric use of vancomycin without further evidence of gram-positive infections accounted for the majority of inappropriate use. The major dosing regimen employed was 1g every 12 h in 99 (79.2%) of treatments. Vancomycin dose was not adjusted or adjusted inadequately for 62 (96.5%) of the patients with increased serum creatinine. Furosemide was the most frequently identified potentially interactive drug. Conclusion: Although the initial indication for vancomycin use was generally appropriate, failure to continue this antibiotic as per HICPAC criteria and inappropriate dosing adjustment based on MDRD CrCl level were common challenges identified.
Abstract: Background: Vancomycin use is considered inappropriate in most hospitals. A particular concern is the recent emergence vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) which is related to the potential for nosocomial transmission, the lack of antibiotics to treat infections caused by this organism, and the possibility that the vancomycin-resistant genes pres...
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In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Sambhu Charan Mondal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
338-343
Received:
9 October 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
16 November 2015
Abstract: Viral load quantification is the amount of particular viral DNA or RNA in a blood samples. It is one of the surrogate biomarker of AIDS. High viral load indicates that the immune system is failed to fight against viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on HIV-1 and HCMV in terms of viral loads as surrogate marker. The viral load assay was performed on stored stock cultures of HIV infected human plasma samples before and after 7 days of biofield treatment using Roche COBAS® AMPLICOR analyzer. Viral load (HIV-1 RNA and HCMV DNAaemia) was considered as surrogate marker for assessment of the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment in HIV infected stored plasma samples. The viral load quantification of HIV-1 RNA in infected stored plasma samples was significantly reduced by 65% in biofield treated group as compared to control. Additionally, viral load of HCMV DNAaemia in infected stored plasma samples was also reduced by 80% in the biofield treated group as compared to control. Because, children are more prone to HCMV infection and adults are generally liable to suffer from HIV-1 infection. As the biofield treatment has reduced HCMV DNAaemia, it could be beneficial for HIV infected children populations. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significantly reduced the viral load quantification in HIV-1 and HCMV infected stored plasma samples and could be a suitable alternative treatment strategy for AIDS patients in near future.
Abstract: Viral load quantification is the amount of particular viral DNA or RNA in a blood samples. It is one of the surrogate biomarker of AIDS. High viral load indicates that the immune system is failed to fight against viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on HIV-1 and HCMV in terms of viral loads as surrogate ma...
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Antibiogram, Biochemical Reactions and Biotyping of Biofield Treated Providencia rettgeri
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Sambhu Charan Mondal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
344-351
Received:
12 October 2015
Accepted:
21 October 2015
Published:
16 November 2015
Abstract: Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri) is the key organism for gastrointestinal tract infections due to its high virulence properties. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on P. rettgeri in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number. The lyophilized strain of P. rettgeri (ATCC 9250) was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treatment. After biofield treatment, Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, while Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 162 after revival (Study I). The revived sample of Gr. IIB was retreated on day 162 (Study II), and divided into three separate tubes. Tube 1 was analyzed on day 5, likewise, tube 2 and 3 were analyzed on day 10 and 15, respectively after their sub-culturing. All the experimental parameters were studied using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration were significantly improved by 71.43%, out of twenty-eight and 56.25%, out of thirty-two, respectively in the treated cells of P. rettgeri as compared to the control. The biochemical reactions also showed the significant (60.61%) alteration in the treated sample with respect to control. The biotype numbers were substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. Moreover, the organism was changed as Proteus mirabilis in all the treated groups except in Gr. IIA, as compared to the control. These results suggested that biofield treatment has a significant impact on P. rettgeri in lyophilized as well as revived state.
Abstract: Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri) is the key organism for gastrointestinal tract infections due to its high virulence properties. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on P. rettgeri in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteri...
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Serological Detection of Helicobacter pylori Antibodies in Patients Suffering from Gastric Symptoms in Kano, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
352-355
Received:
31 August 2015
Accepted:
16 September 2015
Published:
17 November 2015
Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori is a major gastroduodenal pathogen and its seropositivity is associated with increased risk of development of human active chronic gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among subjects with gastrointestinal problems. Methods: From May 2014 to October 2014, a seroprevalence study was carried out among 100 subjects who had clinical gastric symptoms, with a mean age of 37.77 years (range, 2 to 70 years). Serum samples collected from 44 male and 56 female were screened for detection of anti H. pylori IgG using commercial DIAQUICK Helicobacter pylori (manufactured by DIALAB Production, GMBH) kit. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results: The overall seropositivity rate of anti H. pylori IgG was 53%. Seropositivity of anti H. pylori IgG increased markedly with age and highest infection rate (96%) was seen in individuals 40 to 50 years old. Anti H. pylori IgA was also correlated with increasing age. Analysis of results for gender showed that there were no significant differences in seropositivity to H. pylori between men and woman (p>0.05) but there was a significant correlation between anti H. pylori IgG and age of subjects (p<0.01). Analysis of results for inflammatory markers (WBC and ESR) showed normal mean of WBC count(7000 cells/ml) and ESR rate (8mm/h) levels in these subjects. No association was detected between H. pylori seropositivity, gender and inflammatory laboratory parameters. Conclusion: This study revealed the high prevalence of H. pylori infection among symptomatic subjects in the study area suggesting necessity of screening for H. pylori infection in symptomatic patients. The results also did not show any strict relations between H. pylori seropositivity, gender and inflammatory markers.
Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori is a major gastroduodenal pathogen and its seropositivity is associated with increased risk of development of human active chronic gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among subjects with gastrointestinal ...
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Understanding Health Seeking Behavior Regarding Leprosy Patient
Md. Yeamin Ali,
Md. Fakrul Islam,
Md. Redwanur Rahman,
Md. Liton Hossen,
Jebunnesa Islam,
Mahfuza Khanom Sheema,
Akib Javed,
Mst. Rupali Akhtar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
356-361
Received:
6 November 2015
Accepted:
18 November 2015
Published:
10 December 2015
Abstract: The study aims at understand the health seeking behavior of leprosy patient and make a batter policy regarding leprosy treatment. People’s perception and culture have great link with health seeking behaviors. Also socio-culture, economic and belief regarding diseases has dominant influence in health seeking behaviors. Socio-cultural behaviors are much related with health seeking behaviors of leprosy. In case of leprosy, their surrounding people have great influence in what kind of treatment they take. Leprosy patient health seeking behaviors influence by their awareness, a consciousness, belief, socio-culture condition and economic condition. Those the entire thing is related with culture. Research shows that 45% patient take salve (Ointment) at first step and they think that it is a skin disease. Limited knowledge, sharing, confusing about cure, wrong belief about diseases are the main factor to treatment. Also economic class is the significant factor for treatment. Lower class people’s economic condition has too much impact on health seeking behavior. If we make conscious about leprosy in our country or society, then the entire leprosy patient will be cure. So, we should think about health seeking behavior those of patient for recurring from the disease. Most of the respondents recognize leprosy after medical test.
Abstract: The study aims at understand the health seeking behavior of leprosy patient and make a batter policy regarding leprosy treatment. People’s perception and culture have great link with health seeking behaviors. Also socio-culture, economic and belief regarding diseases has dominant influence in health seeking behaviors. Socio-cultural behaviors are m...
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Awareness on Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Antenatal Care Clients in Federal Police Referral Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
362-367
Received:
16 July 2015
Accepted:
15 October 2015
Published:
16 December 2015
Abstract: Birth-preparedness and complication readiness is a comprehensive strategy aimed at promoting the timely utilization of skilled maternal and neonatal health care and encouraging women, households and communities to make arrangements. This paper aimed to assess knowledge and practices on birth preparedness and complication readiness and related factors among antenatal clients in Federal Police Referral Hospital. Institutional based cross-Sectional study was conducted on 224 sampled pregnant women from September 14, 2014- October, 24 2014 who were attending Ante Natal Care in Federal Referral Police Hospital, Addis Ababa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Different rates, as well as relevant associations were computed to see statistical significant. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut of point to declare significant association. Multiple logistic regression analysis was also done to control for possible confounding variables. In this study the proportion of respondents considered as knowledgeable for key dangerous signs were 152(67.8%), 140 (62.1%), 118 (52.2%) during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum respectively About 126(56.3 %) of the women were considered as prepared for birth and its complication. Maternal age of less than 20 years (COR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.07, 11.66). Mothers who knew the key danger sign of pregnancy, child birth andpost-partum were almost three times more likely to be prepared for birth and its complications than mothers who didn’t know (COR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.65); (COR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.74) and (COR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.53) respectively. When the age of the client from socio demographic variables; knowledge on key danger signs of pregnancy, labor and post-partum were adjusted no one significantly associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. In this study about 56.3 % women were prepared for birth and its complication which is relatively fair. Knowledge of key dangers signs of pregnancy, labor and delivery and postpartum were found to be the main factors affecting birth preparedness and complication readiness. Improving ANC education on BP/CR, giving special emphasis to comprehensive knowledge of key danger signs is recommended.
Abstract: Birth-preparedness and complication readiness is a comprehensive strategy aimed at promoting the timely utilization of skilled maternal and neonatal health care and encouraging women, households and communities to make arrangements. This paper aimed to assess knowledge and practices on birth preparedness and complication readiness and related facto...
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Physicochemical Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Calcium Carbonate Powder
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Rama Mohan Tallapragada,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Omprakash Latiyal,
Rakesh Kumar Mishra,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
368-375
Received:
29 October 2015
Accepted:
26 November 2015
Published:
18 December 2015
Abstract: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries and as a supplement in probiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical properties of the CaCO3. The CaCO3 powder was divided into two parts and referred as control and treated. The control part was remained untreated, whereas treated part was subjected to Trivedi’s biofield treatment. The control and biofield treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD showed that the crystallite size of treated CaCO3 was increased up to 100% as compared to the control. In addition, the lattice strain was reduced in treated sample as compared to the control. The particle size analysis result showed that the average particle size was significantly changed after treatment that led to considerably enhance the specific surface area of treated CaCO3 powder by 95% as compared to the control. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the treated calcium carbonate showed shifting of wavenumber attributed to symmetric stretching vibrations of carbonate ion to higher wavenumber as compared to the control. The TGA analysis showed reduction in weight loss and increase in char yield which may be due to the increase in thermal stability of the treated sample. Therefore, the biofield treatment had significantly altered the physicochemical properties of the calcium carbonate. Hence, it is assumed that treated calcium carbonate could be used as a potential supplement of probiotics for food applications.
Abstract: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries and as a supplement in probiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical properties of the CaCO3. The CaCO3 powder was divided into two parts and referred as control and treated. The control part was remained unt...
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Knowledge of Obstetric Danger Signs Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Communities in Enugu State, Nigeria
Chuka C. Agunwa,
Chinomnso C. Nnebue,
Chukwuma B. Duru,
Patricia N. Aniebue,
Uzochukwu U. Aniebue,
Chigozie O. Ifeadike
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
376-380
Received:
26 November 2015
Accepted:
6 December 2015
Published:
22 December 2015
Abstract: Background: Lack of knowledge of obstetric danger signs, resulting in inability to recognize and probably react to the needs for accessing quality health care remains a major cause of preventable maternal deaths. Objective: To determine the knowledge of obstetric danger signs and its determinants amongst women of reproductive age in rural communities in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 602 women of child bearing age were studied. Data collection employed a pretested, self-administered structured questionnaire and was analysed using statistical package for social sciences version 17. Bivariate analysis was done to identify factors associated with good levels of knowledge of danger signs. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of a high knowledge score among women. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results were presented in tables and summary indices. Results: Majority of respondents had a poor level of knowledge of obstetric danger signs 286(47.5%). The most mentioned symptom was vaginal bleeding; 358(59.5%). Factors associated with knowledge of obstetric danger signs include: age (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.000), educational level attained (p=0.049) and parity (p=0.000). Attaining tertiary level of education (OR: 3.906), teaching profession (OR: 15.104) self-employed business engagement (OR: 16.144) and a high level of knowledge of disease causation (OR: 3.336) were predictors of the level of knowledge of danger signs among them. Conclusion: We recommend that effective and sustained health education and behavioral change programs with high local content be instituted in our rural communities.
Abstract: Background: Lack of knowledge of obstetric danger signs, resulting in inability to recognize and probably react to the needs for accessing quality health care remains a major cause of preventable maternal deaths. Objective: To determine the knowledge of obstetric danger signs and its determinants amongst women of reproductive age in rural communiti...
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Gray Zone Patients in Our Clinical Data
Arber Neziri,
Flamur Tartari,
Avni Fetahu,
Liridon Selmani,
Fahredin Veselaj
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
381-385
Received:
2 December 2015
Accepted:
10 December 2015
Published:
22 December 2015
Abstract: Objective: To determine the relationship between the prostate volume and the serum values ofprostate specific antigen among patients in the “grey zone”, classified according to their age group. Gray zone represents serum prostate specific antigen values between 4.1 to 10 ng/ml. Material and Methods: Prospective and retrospective 1420 patients classified in four age-groups with LUTS (Lower urinary tract symptoms) were analyzed. Patients were treated for BPH in the urology clinical at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo during the period of January 2008 - October 2014. Data were recorded from patients according to age, prostate size estimated by transabdominal ultrasound using 3.5MHz ultrasonography, according to the ellipsoid formula, V = D1xD2xD3/2.5, volume of prostate, V=TxAPxCCxPi /6 where T = transverse diameter, AP = antero-posterior diameter, CC = cranial caudal diameter. Patients with confirmed prostate cancer were excluded from the study. Statistical analyses used t-test and ANOVA with 95 and 99% confidence intervals. Results: For the grey zone patients, these mean values were 44.6 cm3 and 5.9 ng/mL. Conclusions: The data provide evidence to support that prostate volume and serum PSA concentration significantly correlate with aging and within the grey zone patients.
Abstract: Objective: To determine the relationship between the prostate volume and the serum values ofprostate specific antigen among patients in the “grey zone”, classified according to their age group. Gray zone represents serum prostate specific antigen values between 4.1 to 10 ng/ml. Material and Methods: Prospective and retrospective 1420 patients class...
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Health Professionals’ Intention to Leave from Public Health Facilities and Its Determinants in Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia
Adugna Endale Woldegiorgis,
Shimeles Ololo Sinkie,
Fikiru Tafese Jaleta
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
386-392
Received:
2 September 2015
Accepted:
16 September 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: Background: Although the number of health facilities in Gambella region had been increasing dramatically, there were shortages of health professionals in the health facilities besides their high turnover. In spite of the existence of such problem, its magnitude & determinants were not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and determinants of health professionals’ intention to leave from public health facilities in Gambella Region. Methodology: Facility based cross-sectional study design was employed from April 12 to 27, 2012. Eleven health centers using simple random sampling technique and Gambella hospital purposefully were selected. All (256) health professionals working in the selected facilities were included in the survey. Self administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Variables which showed association in multivariate analysis was considered as final predictors of intention to leave and strength of association was measured through adjusted odd ratio. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University. Result: Among a total of 252 health professionals who responded to the questionnaire, 122(48.4%) had shown intention to leave their current workplace within one year. The magnitude of intention to leave was higher for those who were dissatisfied with their work (86.2%), staff (84.8%), salary (78.8%), management practice (75.8%), incentive mechanism (75.8%), educational opportunity (76.0%), working environment (76.3%), and those who perceived they were not participated in decision making process (76.0%). Final predictors of intention to leave were: educational level, satisfaction status with salary, satisfaction status with work, and perceived involvement in decision making (AOR = 2.08, 5.64, 4.51 and 2.44 respectively). Conclusion: There is high level of health professionals’ intention to leave from public health facilities which can enormously affect the coverage and quality of health services in the region. Health care policy makers and managers should develop and institutionalize evidence based retention strategies taking into consideration the predictors of health professionals’ intention to leave.
Abstract: Background: Although the number of health facilities in Gambella region had been increasing dramatically, there were shortages of health professionals in the health facilities besides their high turnover. In spite of the existence of such problem, its magnitude & determinants were not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the mag...
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Quality of Life, Sexual Functions and Urinary Incontinence After Hysterectomy in Hungarian Women
Márta Hock,
Szilvia Tóth,
Géza Hartmann,
Tamás Hartmann,
József Bódis,
János Garai
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
393-398
Received:
29 September 2015
Accepted:
9 November 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the current study is to examine changes in sexual function, incontinence and quality of life after hysterectomy, with particular regard to different surgical methods of hysterectomy. Material and methods: A total number of 210 women with hysterectomy were asked to answer the questionnaire between 2011 and 2013; 164 of them accepted to cooperate. Twenty-one women were excluded from the study because of depression, thus the final number of participants was 143. In our retrospective study, patients were randomized by the snowball sampling (or chain referral sampling) method into three groups: having had 1total abdominal hysterectomy; 2. vaginal hysterectomy; or 3. subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (according to Crobach). Three questionnaires were used to collect quality of life data: 1. our own questionnaire on general health status, 2. the Short Form 36 questionnaire, and 3. a combination of shortened versions of the Lemack and Female Sexual Function Index. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t-test and/or the Mann–Whitney U-test were used. The statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 20.0.5 system. The significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was used. Results: The mean age of the vaginal total hysterectomy group, abdominal subtotal hysterectomy and abdominal total hysterectomy was 50.08±3.1; 45.47±2.5 and 48.27±2.7 years, respectively (p=0.203). Their average BMI was 26.88±3.45 kg/m2. The average length of the postoperative period was 4.05±2.25 years. Participants had a mean number of children 1.74/person; most of the participants were married (59.44%), and had a college or university degree (37.6%). There was no statistically significant difference in quality of life data between the subgroups. In the subgroup of women with vaginal hysterectomy, significantly higher incidence of pelvic pain was felt once in a while during sexual intercourse (p = 0.047), and there was a significantly higher incidence of urinary incontinence (p = 0.023) as well. Conclusion: Types of hysterectomy did not significantly affect long term quality of life in general, but vaginal hysterectomy was more likely to affect sexual function and to increase the risk of incontinence when compared with abdominal hysterectomy.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the current study is to examine changes in sexual function, incontinence and quality of life after hysterectomy, with particular regard to different surgical methods of hysterectomy. Material and methods: A total number of 210 women with hysterectomy were asked to answer the questionnaire between 2011 and 2013; 164 of them ac...
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Isolation and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Enteric Bacterial Pathogens from Asymptomatic Food Handlers, Jimma, Ethiopia
Teshale Worku,
Ayalew Jejaw,
Subbaram Kannan,
Beyene Wondafrash
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
399-406
Received:
12 October 2015
Accepted:
26 October 2015
Published:
4 January 2016
Abstract: Background: Most enteric bacteria are harmless but species which belong to Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia and certain strains of Escherichia coli are pathogens. The emergences of increased antimicrobial resistances are global challenges, particularly in developing countries due to misuse of antimicrobial agents. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from food handlers in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 16/2012 to November 23/2012 among 218 food handlers. Structured questionnaire was used to assess associated factors for enteric bacterial infection. Stool samples were collected andantimicrobial sensitivity tests were done using Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following standard procedures. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 16.P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of enteric bacterial pathogens was found to be 6.9% (15/218). All S. typhi isolates showed resistance to two antimicrobials; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and streptomycin. However, they all showed sensitivity to most antimicrobials. Half of Shigella isolates showed resistance to two antimicrobials; chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole where as the other half showed resistant toother four antimicrobials; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. One-third of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains of the isolates were found to be resistant to two antimicrobials; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline. Enteric bacterial infection had a significant association with poor training in food handling and preparation (p=0.034), not knowledgeable about food borne infection (p<0.001) and inconsistent hand washing (p=0.033). Conclusion: Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline while all were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Health education along with continuous food safety training should be given to food handlers so that they can adhere with effective hygienic practices.
Abstract: Background: Most enteric bacteria are harmless but species which belong to Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia and certain strains of Escherichia coli are pathogens. The emergences of increased antimicrobial resistances are global challenges, particularly in developing countries due to misuse of antimicrobial agents. This study was aimed at determining ...
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