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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Residing at High Altitude in Yemen
Mohammed Yahya M. Akabat,
Abdulqawi Ali Al-Shammakh,
Amat Al-Khaleq Obad Mehrass,
Abdulelah Hussien Al-Adhroey,
Abdullatif Daiffallah Ali
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
93-98
Received:
4 May 2017
Accepted:
10 May 2017
Published:
6 July 2017
Abstract: Anemia continues to be a major health problem affecting the mother and her neonate in the developing countries. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among Yemeni pregnant women residing in Dhamar district 2400 meters above the sea level. This was a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among Yemeni pregnant women residing in Dhamar district, 2400 meters above the sea level. A total of 420 pregnant women visiting the general Maternal and Child Center for antenatal care were randomly selected. A hemoglobin cutoff value of 12.3 g/dl was used for evaluating the prevalence of anemia, according to the recommendations of World Health Organization pertaining on altitude adjusted hemoglobin concentrations. The results found that the overall prevalence of anemia among the study population was 26.56%. Moderate-to-severe anemia accounted for almost one-quarter of the disease burden. Trimester of pregnancy and number of cesarean surgeries were retained by multivariate regression model as significant risk factors. Over first trimester, the prevalence risk for predicting anemia was more significantly associated with third trimester (APR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.82, 4.94; P = 0.000) rather than second trimester of pregnancy (APR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.96; P = 0.047). The pregnant women undergone two or more cesarean surgeries were significantly at higher risk for anemia (APR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.38; P = 0.012). The present study revealed that anemia is still a public health problem among the pregnant women in Yemen. There is a need for intervening and controlling this jeopardy using effective programs and strategies.
Abstract: Anemia continues to be a major health problem affecting the mother and her neonate in the developing countries. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among Yemeni pregnant women residing in Dhamar district 2400 meters above the sea level. This was a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the preval...
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The Impacts of Albuminuria and eGFR on Cardiovascular Disease
Hao-Huan Hu,
Chin-Wen Hsieh,
Yu-Kuei Liao,
Szu-Mei Hsiao,
Pi-Li Lin,
Aih-Fung Chiu,
Tsan Yang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
99-105
Received:
14 May 2017
Accepted:
25 May 2017
Published:
11 July 2017
Abstract: Albuminuria is often used as a surrogate marker for the risk of fatal and non-fatal events in clinical trials of antihyperglycemic medications or in antihypertensive therapy. Similarly, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which is a common manifestation of progressed diabetic nephropathy, has also been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. Recent evidence suggests that both high albuminuria and low eGFR are independent risk factors for progressive kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of albuminuria and low eGFR on the risk of cardiovascular disease. A cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through adults’ health examinations by a hospital in a certain area in Pingtung County between 2011 and 2015. The health data base included participants’ basic information, physical examination and blood examination results. Use abbreviated modification of diet in renal disease, aMDRD (Abbreviated modification of diet in renal disease) formula to estimate eGFR. Use metabolic syndrome to define the criteria of rising blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids as an important cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicator and then calculation of the 10-year risk for CVD was completed using data from the Framingham Heart Study and a computer was used to determine risk values. In this study, ≤ 10% was defined as low risk, 11-20% was defined as moderate risk, and > 20% was defined as high risk. As albuminuria and eGFR approached critically high values, initially moderate and high 10-year risk levels for CVD tended to increase. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with severe albuminuria and severe eGFR had higher risks of metabolic syndrome, abnormal waist circumference, hyperglycemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated blood pressure. The study concluded that albuminuria and eGFR are risk factors for CVD and can increase a patient’s 10-year risk of CVD.
Abstract: Albuminuria is often used as a surrogate marker for the risk of fatal and non-fatal events in clinical trials of antihyperglycemic medications or in antihypertensive therapy. Similarly, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which is a common manifestation of progressed diabetic nephropathy, has also been demonstrated to be an independent...
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Prevalence and Correlates of TB and HIV Co-infection Among People Living with HIV/AIDs at the DLHM Hospital, Calabar
Samson Olusegun Aturaka,
Abiodun Olaiya,
Olusola Omotola,
Wasiu Olalekan Adebimpe,
Philip Imohi,
Affiang Daniel,
Enny Ogban
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
106-109
Received:
27 January 2017
Accepted:
26 May 2017
Published:
12 July 2017
Abstract: TB is the most common opportunity infection and cause of death among people living with HIV. With dwindling prevalence figures from several national studies and dwindling funding, CD4 monitoring makes management easy, accessible and affordable. Objectives to determine prevalence and correlates of TB and HIV Co-infection among People Living with HIV/AIDs at the DLHM Hospital, Calabar. The study is retrospective descriptive study of 274 TB-HIV co-infected clients form October, 2009 to June, 2011 was carried out by examining their hospital records. Research instruments were a designed checklist used to collect socio demographic data, information on HIV diagnosis and ARV use, CD4 count and TB-HIV co-infection. Data was analyzed using the excel software. The result shows age group 21-30 years and 31-40 years constitute the largest (39.0% and 31.0%) of co-infected clients respectively. The percentage of infected females was 160/274 = 58.6% and the rest were male. Only 28 (10.2%) had their CD4 count above 350 cells counts/ul. ConclusiCo-infections of TB and HIV are common. CD4 count is a reliable tool in monitoring progression. Every HIV positive client should be considered having the potential of contracting TB, and this underscores the need for proper screening and monitoring.
Abstract: TB is the most common opportunity infection and cause of death among people living with HIV. With dwindling prevalence figures from several national studies and dwindling funding, CD4 monitoring makes management easy, accessible and affordable. Objectives to determine prevalence and correlates of TB and HIV Co-infection among People Living with HIV...
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Knowledge of Risk Factors and Screening for Diabetes Mellitus Among Youths in Southwestern Nigeria
Samson Olusegun Aturaka,
Olusola Omotola,
Abiodun Olaiya,
Philip Imohi,
Abidemi Faturoti
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
110-113
Received:
20 February 2017
Accepted:
26 May 2017
Published:
12 July 2017
Abstract: With the adoption of western lifestyle, youths are at risk of Diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease traditionally known to be common among older people. This study assessed prevalence and knowledge of risk factors for DM among youths in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive cross sectional study among 1610 students of tertiary institutions selected by serial recruitments. Research instrument consist of self-administered semi structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 17.0. Mean age of respondents was 22.9 (+2.6) years. Four hundred and sixty (28.6%) were aware of DM. About 321 (19.9%) had good while 1289 (80.1%) had poor knowledge scores of risk factors for DM. The blood sugar level of > 6.1mmol/L (hyperglycemia) showed that 48 (3.0%) were diabetic out of which 32 (66.7%) were females. A total of 21 (1.3%) had transient hypoglycemia out of which 3 (61.9%) were females. Conclusively, DM was not uncommon among Nigerian youths. The poor knowledge scores of risk factors underscores the need for sustained health education targeted at risk reduction and prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) most especially DM.
Abstract: With the adoption of western lifestyle, youths are at risk of Diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease traditionally known to be common among older people. This study assessed prevalence and knowledge of risk factors for DM among youths in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive cross sectional study among 1610 students of tertiary institutions selected by seri...
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Logistic Challenges Associated with Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Programs in Cross River State, Nigeria
Samson Olusegun Aturaka,
Olaiya Abiodun,
Olusola Omotola,
Wasiu Olalekan Adebimpe,
Philip Imohi,
Offiong Okon
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
114-118
Received:
27 January 2017
Accepted:
26 May 2017
Published:
12 July 2017
Abstract: Background: Life-saving drugs such as anti-retroviral therapy and other critical supplies are becoming more accessible to millions of people living with HIV/AIDs. The modern pharmaceutical and laboratory commodity supply and management chain is complex and ravaged with numerous challenges. Objective: of this study is to examine health commodity supply chain management in relation to project implementation of HIV/AIDS and make recommendation for proper management and improvement. Results: ARVs and RTKs formed the basis of most expired commodities encountered. ARVs had 13 (23%) different products of different expiry dates while laboratory reagents had 39 (77%) products with different expiry dates. Two Sample T-Test and confidence interval for the parameters were carried out and T- calculated for both parameters were found to be less than T – table. The T- Cal for ARVs were -2.82 while T- Table is 1.71, also the T-Cal for lab reagents were -3.62 while T-Table was 1.69. This shows that there is no significant difference between the total cost of expired ARVs and expired laboratory reagents since the T-Cal for both products were less than T-Table. Conclusion: Total cost of 51,369.02USD of fund that was lost to expiry was a colossal loss to the project implementation. More funds, time and energy will still be spent on the retrieval, transportation and destruction of these expiries. Activities of different implementing partners (IPs) should be streamlined and rationalized among the IPs to prevent parallel and multiple supply of health commodities to the facilities. Also facility staff should be properly mentored and adequate technical assistance should be rendered to ensure good inventory management and proper storage of all health commodities especially all the cold chain products.
Abstract: Background: Life-saving drugs such as anti-retroviral therapy and other critical supplies are becoming more accessible to millions of people living with HIV/AIDs. The modern pharmaceutical and laboratory commodity supply and management chain is complex and ravaged with numerous challenges. Objective: of this study is to examine health commodity sup...
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