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Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children
Caroline Edward Ayad,
Maha Nouri,
Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla,
Samih Awad Kajoak
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
84-88
Received:
6 March 2014
Accepted:
10 April 2014
Published:
30 April 2014
Abstract: Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males and 111 (51.6%) were females. All children underwent ultrasound examination for abdomen, coupling gel was used and longitudinal and transverse scans were obtained. The study showed that the normal Left Kidney Length was 7.9 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.7.Left Kidney Width 3.9 ± 0.5, 3.9 ± 0.5 and Right Kidney Length 8.0 ± 0.8, 8.3 ± 0.8, Right Kidney Width 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0.4 for males and females respectively . Significant differences were noticed between two genders for left and right lengths(p-values =0.017, 0.037).A significant relationship at p-value 0.000 was detected between the kidneys measurements and children age, weight, height, abdomen circumference(AC) and Body mass index(BMI). The Left Kidney Length/spleen length ratio was found to be decreased in the ages of 9 and10 years for females and Right Kidney Length/liver length ratio was increased in the ages 8, 10 years for females. This study revealed that the kidneys measurements for Sudanese school aged children differed from what was mentioned in the previous studies in the same age groups. To the best of our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric kidneys length and width equations for interpretation of sonographic examinations. Reference values were established .We hope this study contributes to daily practice in ultrasound clinics. These measurements can be considered as typical, and should be used for adequate comparison in evaluation of children kidney diseases.
Abstract: Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males ...
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Maternal Ophthalmic Artery Doppler Indices in Type 1 Diabetes during Pregnancy
Gehan Abdelhaleim Abdelhaleim Ahmed,
Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla,
Caroline Edward Ayad
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
89-92
Received:
10 March 2014
Accepted:
16 April 2014
Published:
30 April 2014
Abstract: This Study aimed to assess the Doppler indices for ophthalmic artery in type 1diabetic pregnant ladies. Inclusion criteria were 15diabetic pregnant ladies, their ages were (30-39), 14 healthy pregnant non diabetic ladies aged (30-37), and 15 healthy non pregnant non diabetic subjects aged (30-41) were selected as control group. Pregnant ladies with eye disease or pregnancy abnormality or preeclampsia were excluded. Ultrasound examination for both eyes were obtained using 7.5MHZ high resolution ultrasound machine. Readings of Ophthalmic artery Doppler indices (resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI)) for type 1 diabetes ladies were found to be greater when compared with the control group values and Mean Velocity (MV) was of lower values. The mean values ± SD were as follows: for right eye: resistive index, 1.3 ± 0.2 (P < .005 Control0.8 ± 0.1); pulsatility index, (3.6 ± 0.4 (P < .005Control1.6 ± 0.4); Mean Velocity (MV) 5.2 ± 1.1(P < .005 Control 8.4 ± 3.2). For left eye resistive index, 1.4 ± 0.2 (P < .005 Control 0.7 ± 0.1); pulsatility index, 3.3 ± 0.5 (P < .005Control 1.6 ± 0.3); Mean Velocity (MV) 5.7 ± 0.8 (P < .005 Control 8.5 ± 3.2). The correlations between the variables and gestational age in the two pregnant groups were studied and were compared with the control group and maternal treatment. The study revealed that the Doppler indices for right and left eyes differed significantly within the three trimesters for pregnant diabetic and pregnant non diabetic ladies and when compared with the control group at p-value ˂0.05. No significant difference was detected between the Doppler indices and the treatment taken as Diet Control, or insulin for type 1 diabetic pregnant ladies. Color Doppler Ultrasonography is useful for assessing blood flow. Ophthalmic arteries Doppler Indices were affected significantly in pregnant ladies with or without type 1diabetes.
Abstract: This Study aimed to assess the Doppler indices for ophthalmic artery in type 1diabetic pregnant ladies. Inclusion criteria were 15diabetic pregnant ladies, their ages were (30-39), 14 healthy pregnant non diabetic ladies aged (30-37), and 15 healthy non pregnant non diabetic subjects aged (30-41) were selected as control group. Pregnant ladies with...
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Vertebral Distribution of Pott's Disease of the Spine among Adult Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan
Elwathiq Khalid Ibrahim,
Elbashir Gusm Elbari Ahmed,
Nour Eldaim Elnoman Elbadawi,
Mamoun Majzoub Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
93-96
Received:
28 February 2014
Accepted:
28 April 2014
Published:
10 May 2014
Abstract: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Neurology Department, Shaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum in a period of two years. The aim of the study was to determine the most affected region of the spine in adult Sudanese patients with Pott's disease. Hundred patients with clinical suspicion of spinal TB were enrolled in the study. Clinical history and examination, investigations for TB and imaging studies were performed. Midthoracic spines (T5 – T8) and lower thoracic spines (T9 – T12) were found to be the most regions affected with tuberculosis. In 20 cases (20%) the disease affected the upper thoracic vertebrae (T1 – T4) and in 12 cases (12%) it was in the lumbar spines. Only four patients (4%) were having cervical spinal tuberculosis. The higher affection of the mid thoracic and lower thoracic levels of the spine was thought to be attributed to infection from combination of haematogeneous, lymphatic and direct invasion.
Abstract: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Neurology Department, Shaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum in a period of two years. The aim of the study was to determine the most affected region of the spine in adult Sudanese patients with Pott's disease. Hundred patients with clinical suspicion of spinal TB were enrolled in the study. C...
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Prevalence of External Genital Abnormalities among Secondary School Pupils in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Adegun Patrick Temi,
Bamidele James Olusegun,
Areo Peter Olufemi,
Ajayi Akande Oladimeji,
Ajayi Ebenezer Adekunle
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
97-101
Received:
14 April 2014
Accepted:
30 April 2014
Published:
10 May 2014
Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: There is paucity of information on the prevalence of external genital abnormalities in Nigeria particularly in Ekiti State. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of external genital abnormalities among primary school pupils in Ekiti State. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study that used multistage sampling to select pupils in Primary schools in the three senatorial district of Ekiti state. Pupils from ages two to sixteen years were examined by trained physicians for external genital abnormalities. Results: A total of 1200 pupils were examined, out of which 372 [31%] pupils had external genital abnormalities. M: F =1. There were 31 [2.58%] pupils with congenital external genital abnormalities out of 1200 pupils. All were males, with a prevalence of 5.18% among the boys. The prevalence of congenital external abnormalities by senatorial district was 3.43%, 1.07%, and 10.63% for Ekiti Central, North and South respectively. Right testicular volume was significantly greater than the left testis [t=3.426, P-value=0.001]. A high prevalence [56.15%] of Female Genital Cutting [FGC] was noted with the highest prevalence in Ekiti South senatorial district. Conclusion: Prevalence of Congenital external genital abnormalities is still low in this environment but the prevalence of FGC is quite high. Hydrocele, micro testis and high rising testes are the commonest congenital defects.
Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: There is paucity of information on the prevalence of external genital abnormalities in Nigeria particularly in Ekiti State. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of external genital abnormalities among primary school pupils in Ekiti State. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross sectional...
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Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up
Preeti Garg,
Prithpal S Matreja,
Prem P Khosla,
Lovepreet Kaur,
Praveen Mohan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
102-105
Received:
19 April 2014
Accepted:
10 May 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) occur very commonly and cause a negative impact on the overall quality of life of the women. These symptoms cause distress, depression and strain interpersonal relationships. Little is known about PMS in India hence, this study was designed to know the prevalence of these symptoms and any correlation between them in adult Indian population. This survey was conducted in 150 healthy volunteers in the later half of the menstrual cycle. A predesigned questionnaire regarding PMS was filled. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and only those participants were enrolled who were willing to give written informed consent. A total of 148 females were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups. All the parameters were comparable except for a significant (p<0.05) difference in higher complaints of insomnia in group 1. PMS A which considered symptoms of anxiety, irritability, mood swings and nervousness. PMS C included symptoms like increase in appetite, headache, fatigue, dizziness and palpitation. PMS D included symptoms of depression, crying, forgetfulness, confusion and insomnia. PMS H included symptoms of fluid retention, increase in weight, and swelling of extremities, breast tenderness and abdominal bloating. PMS A was significantly correlated with PMS C, PMS D, backache and abdominal bloating in both group 1 and 2. PMS C was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS D, PMS H, insomnia and generalized aches in both group 1 and 2. PMS D was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS C, PMS H in both group 1 and 2. PMS H was significantly correlated with PMS C and PMS D in both group 1 and 2. PMS H has significant correlation with PMS A and insomnia in group 1 and age in group 2. Our study shows premenstrual symptoms are very common and distressing and there is a significant correlation between the various physical, emotional and psychological symptoms.
Abstract: Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) occur very commonly and cause a negative impact on the overall quality of life of the women. These symptoms cause distress, depression and strain interpersonal relationships. Little is known about PMS in India hence, this study was designed to know the prevalence of these symptoms and any correlation between them in adul...
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