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Assessment of Water Handling and Sanitation Practices Among Rural Communities of Farta Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia
Genet Gedamu Kassie,
Desta Haftu Hayelom
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
119-124
Received:
12 June 2017
Accepted:
20 June 2017
Published:
11 August 2017
Abstract: Worldwide, 663 million people do not have access to improved drinking water supplies and 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation including one billion who practice open defecation. Eighty-eight percent of deaths from diarrheal diseases are attributable to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene practices. So this study is aimed at assessing water handling and sanitation practice among rural communities of Farta woreda, North West Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Farta Woreda in March 2014. A total of 834 households were proportionally allocated to 10 kebeles of the Woreda and selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain the frequency distribution of the variables. The majority of respondents used unprotected spring 313 (37.5%) followed by protected spring 206 (24.7%) for all domestic use. Most respondents 382 (92.5%) had covered their stored water and practiced pouring method to withdraw water from the stored container. Majority 738 (88.5%) of households had access to water within a time of 30 minutes or less. House hold water treatment was not common in the study area, only 23 (2.8%) households practiced. About four hundred seventy eight (57.3%) households had latrine facility, of which 263 (55%) was open pit latrine. Of those households having latrine only 102 (21.3%) households had hand washing facility. This study revealed that most of the respondents had poor water handling and sanitation practice. Thus, it underscores that there should be great attention.
Abstract: Worldwide, 663 million people do not have access to improved drinking water supplies and 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation including one billion who practice open defecation. Eighty-eight percent of deaths from diarrheal diseases are attributable to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene practices. So this...
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Impact of Self Stigma on Quality of Life of People with Mental Illness at Dilla University Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia
Alem Eskeziya Ayenalem,
Tenaw Yimer Tiruye,
Muhammed Seid Muhammed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
125-130
Received:
25 July 2017
Accepted:
7 August 2017
Published:
25 August 2017
Abstract: The stigma associated with mental illness can potentially be a reason for lower quality of life among persons with mental illness. Since self stigma can also exist without actual stigma from the public, more hidden and inside, it seems to be the worst form of stigma against people with mental illness and can directly affect the overall well being of people with mental illness. Moreover, it is also a great barrier for social interaction. However, no study is available on impact of self stigma on quality of life of people with mental illness in South Ethiopia generally and particularly in Dilla town. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of self stigma on quality of life of people with mental illness at Dilla University Referral Hospital, south Ethiopia. The study was conducted in the psychiatry outpatient department of Dilla University referral hospital. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 317 people with mental illness that attended psychiatric clinic for mental health service from June 1st to 30th, 2016. Data were collected using a pre tested interviewer administered structured questionnaires. Self-stigma was measured using Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale which was validated and used in many other similar settings. Quality of life was measured using quality of life assessment tool Short Form, Version-2 (SF-36). In this study, the prevalence of self stigma among people with mental illness was 32.1%. Regarding Quality of life (QoL) of people with mental illness, 54.6% were experiencing lower quality of life. As self stigma increases by one unit in studied participants, quality of life decreases by 4.1% (OR=0.041; 95% C.I: -0.065,-0.012). In other words, self stigma and QOL were inversely correlated(r=-0.076) which indicates that stigma worsen QoL of people with mental illness. The result of this study was revealed that, apparently high prevalence of self-stigma among persons with mental illness and lower quality of life. To improve QoL of people with mental illness, tackling stigma need to be addressed by health professionals, community, researchers, policy makers and stakeholders.
Abstract: The stigma associated with mental illness can potentially be a reason for lower quality of life among persons with mental illness. Since self stigma can also exist without actual stigma from the public, more hidden and inside, it seems to be the worst form of stigma against people with mental illness and can directly affect the overall well being o...
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Assessment of Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues among Mizan Secondary and Preparatory School Students with Parents, Mizan Town, Ethiopia, 2016
Sisay Shewasinad,
Zewditu Alelign,
Kiros Yeshitla,
Gemechu Bunga,
Sophonias Negash
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
131-140
Received:
24 May 2017
Accepted:
15 June 2017
Published:
7 September 2017
Abstract: Sexual and reproductive health is at the base of people's living and wellbeing, the ability to develop in a supportive environment and grow into sexually responsive and responsible adults, the ability to enjoy one's sexuality without harming or damaging oneself or one's partner, are among the unique attributes that define us as human. Many of the typical changes that occur during adolescence tend to interfere with the effectiveness and amount of interaction between parent and child. The objective of the study is to assess communication on sexual and reproductive health issues among Mizan secondary and preparatory school students with parents. Institution based cross sectional quantitative study design was conducted among Mizan secondary and preparatory school students with sample size of 356 and total population of 3436 from April, 20/4/2016 to April, 25/4/2016. The data was collected by using structured self-administered questionnaires. After the data was collected it was processed and analyzed manually by the help scientific calculator. The response rate was 100%. From the total of three hundred fifty six respondents 196(55.1%) of them were females. One hundred three 103(28.9%) of respondents were discussed at least one SRH issue with parents for the last 12 month of the study period, from those 58(56.3%) of them were females and 45(43.7%) of them were males. but majority 253(71.1%) of them didn’t discussed about SRH issues with their parents. This study shows that student-parent communication on SRH issues is low, only less than one- third of the students were communication SRH. The risk for SRH problems need urgent and continues intervention as such it is necessary to equip and educate parents and students on different sexual and reproductive health issues. Therefore; there should be give school base sex education about SRH and youth friendly health service for youth and adolescents at different level of health care.
Abstract: Sexual and reproductive health is at the base of people's living and wellbeing, the ability to develop in a supportive environment and grow into sexually responsive and responsible adults, the ability to enjoy one's sexuality without harming or damaging oneself or one's partner, are among the unique attributes that define us as human. Many of the t...
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An Experience in Recreational Diabetic Day in a Non-governmental Organisation, T1Diams, in Mauritius
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
141-144
Received:
25 July 2017
Accepted:
8 August 2017
Published:
18 September 2017
Abstract: T1Diams, non-profit organisation in the island of Mauritius, has been working on the implementation of therapeutic and educational activities for its members. They regularly organise a recreational diabetic day ('Enjoy life' or 'T1Diams en balade'). Aim: To give an overview of a typical diabetic recreational day. Methods: The author participated in several of these activities organised by the organisation in 2014 and 2015. Results: 22 patients came for that event. 11 (≥ 12 years old) attended the day. The morning session was dedicated to diabetic therapeutic education and was carried out by two diabetes nurses. The afternoon session there were physical activities for those >12 years old and low intense activities for the other group. The menu for the lunch was elaborated by a nutritionist. Blood glucose levels were regularly monitored. The patients did their insulin injections. Conclusion: This recreational diabetic day gives an opportunity for parents to be reassured that their diabetic children can be autonomous. The day was carried out in a professional way so as to empower the patients. These activities should be organised regularly during a year.
Abstract: T1Diams, non-profit organisation in the island of Mauritius, has been working on the implementation of therapeutic and educational activities for its members. They regularly organise a recreational diabetic day ('Enjoy life' or 'T1Diams en balade'). Aim: To give an overview of a typical diabetic recreational day. Methods: The author participated in...
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Effect of Exercise on Some Haemostatic Parameters Among Students in a Tertiary Educational Institution in Nigeria
Benjamin Onyema Eledo,
Reward Igwe,
Okezie Caleb Okamgba,
Sylvester Chibueze Izah
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
145-148
Received:
13 August 2017
Accepted:
28 August 2017
Published:
18 September 2017
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of exercise on some haemostatic parameters among students from a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Fifty four individuals participated in this study, comprising 28 males and 26 females. Blood was collected from the participants before and after the rigorous exercise and the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelets count (PLT) were analyzed using standard methodology. Results showed mean values before and after the exercise were 217.31 and 238.27 x109/L for female, 228.75 and 240.18 x109/L for male respectively (platelets counts), 14.25 and 12.08 seconds for female, 14.29 and 12.35 seconds for male respectively (prothrombin time) and 31.71 and 24.29 seconds for female and 30.62 and 23.43 seconds for male respectively (activated partial thromboplastin time). Statistically, there was significant variation (P<0.001) before and after exercise for PT, APTT, and no significant difference (P>0.05) for PLT count before and after exercise. PT and APTT showed significant decline after the exercise indicating activation of the coagulation cascade which may lead to hypercoagulability predisposing the subjects to an increased risk of cardiovascular derangement; while PLT showed no variation suggesting no risk of thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis.
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of exercise on some haemostatic parameters among students from a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Fifty four individuals participated in this study, comprising 28 males and 26 females. Blood was collected from the participants before and after the rigorous exercise and the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial ...
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Knowledge Sharing Practice and Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers at Public Hospitals in North Shoa, Amhara
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
149-153
Received:
19 August 2017
Accepted:
4 September 2017
Published:
2 October 2017
Abstract: Knowledge is the most important strategic resource and critical to organizational success. However, practice of knowledge sharing among workers in the health institution is poorly practiced. An institutional based cross- sectional quantitative study supported with qualitative data was conducted from February 30 to March 30/2016 among 291 health care workers for the quantitative data and 10 department heads were interviewed for the qualitative part. Logistic regression was used to assess the presence of association between dependent and independent variables using SPSS at 95% CI and 5% margin of error. The study revealed that level of knowledge sharing among health care workers in the selected hospitals was 66.6%. Knowledge sharing opportunity (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = [1.17-6.01], access to technology (AOR=2.27, 95% CI=[1.17-4.40], familiarizing health care workers to technology (AOR=3.23, 95%CI=[1.28-8.12] and trusty relationship (AOR=4.78, 95% CI = [1.73-13.22] were independent predictors for knowledge sharing practice. Even though most of the participants were aware, willing and have an intrinsic motivation to share their knowledge, they practiced it poorly for several reasons. The identified main determinants are access to ICT infrastructure, familiarization to available technologies, trust between staff and knowledge sharing opportunity. Hospitals should enhance trusting relationship among health care workers; create knowledge sharing opportunity; avail technological infrastructure and familiarize health care workers to technology to increase knowledge sharing in the organization.
Abstract: Knowledge is the most important strategic resource and critical to organizational success. However, practice of knowledge sharing among workers in the health institution is poorly practiced. An institutional based cross- sectional quantitative study supported with qualitative data was conducted from February 30 to March 30/2016 among 291 health car...
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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections (HIV, HBV and Syphilis) Among Pregnant Women Provided Health Care Services, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kinfe Fissehatsion,
Ibrahim Ali,
Ashebir Getachew
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
154-161
Received:
30 August 2017
Accepted:
13 September 2017
Published:
13 October 2017
Abstract: Globally the burden of HIV, HBV and Syphilis infections are common problem of pregnant women where its complication isn’t only restricted to the pregnant women rather they are a serious issue for their newborn infants. Compared to developed country, developing countries including Ethiopia have been seriously influenced by such kinds of infections. Therefore this study have designed to determine the sero-prevalence and identify the possible risk factors of HIV, HBV and Syphilis infections in pregnant women providing health care services at Gandhi Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to April 2014. A Cross sectional study design has used and data on socio-demographic characteristics and possible risk factors have collected through pre-tested and structured questionnaire. After that blood have collected and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen using rapid cassette device and the final positive sample for HBsAg have confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to HIV-1/2 have tested based on the national testing algorism and Trepollema pallidum antibodies have tested by using Syphilis Rapid Test Strip (Quick Test™ Syphilis Serum/ Plasma/Whole Blood Strip). After the data have entered to Epi Info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 16 for validation and analysis, the overall prevalence of HIV-1/2 and HBsAg was 5.2%, 5% respectively while co-infection of HIV-HBV was 9.5% but no cases of Syphilis detected positive. In relation to the risk factors; history of sex with multiple sexual partners, pre-exposure to STI and low level of monthly income were significant risk factors for both HBV and HIV, while each infection found to have additional different risk factors; these includes: receiving of blood through donation, ear piercing and history of abortion for HBV infection while sharing different sharp materials and contact history with infected person for HIV infection alone. Therefore; intensified prevention activities in antenatal care targeting this population will have vital impact in halting the spread of the infections.
Abstract: Globally the burden of HIV, HBV and Syphilis infections are common problem of pregnant women where its complication isn’t only restricted to the pregnant women rather they are a serious issue for their newborn infants. Compared to developed country, developing countries including Ethiopia have been seriously influenced by such kinds of infections. ...
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Developing an Augmentative and Alternative Communication System for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study
Voniati Louiza,
Maria Christopoulou
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
162-166
Received:
10 May 2017
Accepted:
31 May 2017
Published:
19 October 2017
Abstract: An area of great interest to speech and language therapists and educators, holding promise to support the individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is that of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Oftentimes, the person with ASD cannot speak at all or struggle with language skills. The use of AAC is becoming widely accepted as beneficial for individuals with ASD. The current study aimed to develop the theoretical framework and the practice trends of AAC with ASD. The ways that the AAC is introduced to children with ASD, the promotion of a successful engagement with the AAC as a communication tool, and the development of a language system that sustains over time, were the attainable goals of the study. Furthermore, a relevant case study was presented. The case study demonstrated a classical presentation of a step by step development of AAC communication system, for a pre-school boy diagnosed with ASD. The ways that the AAC is introduced to children with ASD, the promotion of a successful engagement with the AAC as a communication tool and the development of a language system is not an easy case. However, it becomes widely accepted that AAC is beneficial and supportive for the individual with ASD as part of an intensive treatment approach to address communication needs.
Abstract: An area of great interest to speech and language therapists and educators, holding promise to support the individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is that of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Oftentimes, the person with ASD cannot speak at all or struggle with language skills. The use of AAC is becoming widely accepted as ben...
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