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Ecological Analysis of Tuberculosis Patients’ – A Case Study of Karachi
Farkhunda Burke,
Salma Hamza,
Muhammad Miandad,
Imran Khan,
Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda,
S. Ghulam Abbas Naqvi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
39-45
Received:
13 March 2016
Accepted:
5 April 2016
Published:
4 May 2016
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients’ characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors .The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients’ histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documente...
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Isolation and Identification of Potential Zoonotic Dermatophytes from Domestic Camels in Dhamar Area, Yemen
Najla M. Baghza,
Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey,
Abdullatif D. Ali
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
46-50
Received:
20 April 2016
Accepted:
28 April 2016
Published:
11 May 2016
Abstract: Dermatophytosis is a prevalent skin disease in Yemen. Because it's zoonotic transmission to humans, animal dermatophytosis has a major concern. The present study was thus aimed to isolate and identify dermatophytes from domestic camels. A purposive study was conducted among 165 suspected camels in Dhamar area, Yemen. Skin scrapings were collected from ringworm lesions of the study animals. They were microscopically examined using Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) preparation. Specimens that showed a positive result were then cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) for identification. A total of 159 (96.4%) of the suspected camels were found to be infected with fungal infection during the direct KOH examination. The infection was significantly higher among young animals of ≤ 12 months (94.3%, χ2 = 73, P < 0.05). Majority of the cultured specimens showed positive growth (93.1%,χ2 = 118, P < 0.05). The overall rate of dermatophyte infection was 83.11%. The frequency of Trichophyton and Microsporum genera were 89.4% and 10.6% of the isolated genera, respectively. The identified species were T. schoenlenii T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, M. audouinii and M. canis. Almost half of the study animals were infected with T. schoenlenii (49.6%,χ2 = 102, P < 0.05). Findings of the present study are important in order to provide the health authorities with an epidemiological and microbiological database that are vital for supporting well-organized control programs. Introduction of proper health education is important to improve prevention measures and introduce a better knowledge of dermatophytosis transmission.
Abstract: Dermatophytosis is a prevalent skin disease in Yemen. Because it's zoonotic transmission to humans, animal dermatophytosis has a major concern. The present study was thus aimed to isolate and identify dermatophytes from domestic camels. A purposive study was conducted among 165 suspected camels in Dhamar area, Yemen. Skin scrapings were collected f...
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Urinary Incontinence in Men in Uyo Metropolis, South-South, Nigeria
Udokang N. E.,
Inyang O. I.,
Dick U. P.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
51-55
Received:
4 March 2016
Accepted:
28 April 2016
Published:
14 May 2016
Abstract: This study examined urinary incontinence and its possible risk factors in men living in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a questionnaire was developed and used as the major source of data collection. Sample of 320 men were randomly selected by simple random sampling and data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution, chi-square test, univariate and multiple logistic regression. Results of chi-square revealed a significant association (p <0.05) between marital status and incontinence. The findings of this study have proven that urinary incontinence occurs as age increases.
Abstract: This study examined urinary incontinence and its possible risk factors in men living in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a questionnaire was developed and used as the major source of data collection. Sample of 320 men were randomly selected by simple random sampling and data ...
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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Clinical Attachment Loss in Adult Yemenis: A Community-Based Study in the City of Dhamar
Abdullah G. Amran,
Mohammed N. Alhajj,
Adnan N. Amran
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
56-61
Received:
19 April 2016
Accepted:
28 April 2016
Published:
14 May 2016
Abstract: This paper is aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of periodontal clinical attachment loss and the possible related risk factors in adult Yemeni population. The study sample composed of 884 adult subjects (496 males and 388 females) aged ≥ 25 years old. Clinical examination of CAL was performed on six sites for each tooth. Prevalence and severity of CAL and the relationship with the risk variables were assessed. Chi-squared and multiple regression tests were used with significant level of P < 0.05. Out of the 884 subjects examined, 629 (71.2%) had CAL ≥ 1 mm [233 (26.4%) had CAL ≥ 1 and < 3 mm, 214 (24.2%) had CAL ≥ 3 and < 5 mm, and 182 (20.6%) had CAL ≥ 5 mm]. Age, gender, tooth brushing, Khat chewing, smoking, plaque deposits, and calculus accumulation were associated significantly with CAL (P < 0.05). In this study population, a high prevalence of CAL ≥ 5 mm was observed. Bad habits and poor oral hygiene showed strong association with the periodontal clinical attachment loss.
Abstract: This paper is aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of periodontal clinical attachment loss and the possible related risk factors in adult Yemeni population. The study sample composed of 884 adult subjects (496 males and 388 females) aged ≥ 25 years old. Clinical examination of CAL was performed on six sites for each tooth. Prevalence and sev...
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Hepato-Renal Toxicity of Gongronema latifolium Extracts on Streptozocin Induced Diabetes in Rats
Brown Holy,
Tamunoemine Davies,
Thompson N. Imomoemi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
62-69
Received:
22 April 2016
Accepted:
7 May 2016
Published:
14 May 2016
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of methanolic, ethanolic, aqueous and crude extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves on some nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic parameters in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Thirty albino rats divided into six experimental groups were used. Two groups served as control were fed normal saline and glibenclamide. Four groups were fed methanolic, ethanolic, crude and aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves respectively. Treatment lasted four 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed and blood collected for biochemical evaluation. The results showed that treatment with all the various extracts of Gongronema latifolium leave did not cause any significant increase in the nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic parameters. Treatment with methanolic extract caused a significant decrease in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity (P<0.001). The histological analysis revealed a recovery from inflammatory phase of the cells of the kidney and liver from the toxic effect of the streptozocin.
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of methanolic, ethanolic, aqueous and crude extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves on some nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic parameters in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Thirty albino rats divided into six experimental groups were used. Two groups served as control were fed normal saline and glibenclamide. Four grou...
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The Impact of E-waste Occupational Exposure on Male Reproductive Health
Zhihai Deng,
Yude Hong,
Baiwei Tang,
Weibo Liang
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
70-74
Received:
25 April 2016
Accepted:
11 May 2016
Published:
28 May 2016
Abstract: Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) contains multiple toxic materials. However, there is currently a lack of exposure data on workers in formal recycling plants. This study aims to observe the influence of electronic waste (e-waste) on male’s reproductive health and to provide a theoretical foundation for improving the occupational safety. A survey and sample collections were performed based on 210 workers in e-waste recycling plant as the exposure group and 210 residents who worked at the same area but not exposed to e-waste (other jobs) as the control group. Semen sperm analysis and TUNEL assay were applied to detect the apoptotic rate and single comet assay to detect DNA damage. The survey results showed that infertility rate of e-waste recycling workers was significantly higher than that of non-occupationally exposed workers (P < 0.05); e-waste occupationally exposed workers showed markedly higher rate of prostatitis, urethritis, abortion and preterm birth of their spouses (P < 0.05). The percentage of sperm concentration, motile sperm, ‘a’ level sperm, ‘a+b’ level sperm and live sperm of the exposure group were higher than control group (P < 0.05). TUNEL assay revealed that the apoptotic rate of sperms in the exposure group was higher too (P < 0.05). Further, the sperm comet length, tail length, tail DNA %, Olive tail moment were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). In general, we concluded that occupational exposure to e-waste led to asthenospermia and increased male infertility. Occupational exposure to e-waste increased the sperm apoptosis rate and sperm DNA damage.
Abstract: Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) contains multiple toxic materials. However, there is currently a lack of exposure data on workers in formal recycling plants. This study aims to observe the influence of electronic waste (e-waste) on male’s reproductive health and to provide a theoretical foundation for improving the occupational safety. A ...
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