Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Pastoral Communities of BenaTsemay District, Southern Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Mebratu Shite Wondimu,
Endrias Markos Woldesemayat,
Tsehay Ayele Aselle
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
31-37
Received:
4 March 2018
Accepted:
10 July 2019
Published:
26 July 2019
Abstract: Over 60% (60 million) of Ethiopian populations live in areas at risk for malaria. On June 17 /2017, surveillance data from BenaTsemay district showed that the district was experiencing an unusual high number of malaria cases in three kebeles (lowest administrative unit). We investigated the outbreak to describe malaria epidemiology in the district, identify population risk factors, and guide intervention measures for the community. Malaria case records from the District Health Office were reviewed to describe the outbreak. Unmatched case-control study was conducted with 60 randomly selected cases and 119 controls using a semi-structured questionnaire. Malaria cases were confirmed by either microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) from June 5 to July 23/2017. Controls were persons with no diagnosis of malaria, and lives in similar kebele. Environmental assessment, observation of ownership and utilization of insecticide treated bed-nets (ITNs) were carried out. Multivariable regression model analysis was conducted to identify independent malaria risk factors. There were 648 malaria cases (50.3%-males) from three kebeles with no deaths recorded. The overall attack rate (AR) was 114/1000 populations, and it was highest in Sille kebele (167/1000 populations) and among 5-14 years old (179/1000 populations). Age <5 years (AOR=8.5; 95%CI: 1.2-59), living near mosquito breeding sites (AOR=6.5; 95%CI: 1.15-36.5), irregular use of ITNs (AOR=8.7; 95%CI: 1.5-49.6), inadequate ITNs per family size (AOR=13.4; 95%CI: 1.9-93) predicted having of malaria. Wearing long sleeved clothes was a protective factor (AOR=0.6; 95%C.I: 0.004-0.96). Several unmanaged stagnated water sources with Anopheles mosquito larvae, and the use of ITNs for other purposes were observed. The outbreak was associated with presence of nearby vector-breeding sites, and poor access and utilization of ITNs. Adequate information should be given along ITNs for the community in addition to early management of nearby vector-breeding sites to prevent similar outbreak in future.
Abstract: Over 60% (60 million) of Ethiopian populations live in areas at risk for malaria. On June 17 /2017, surveillance data from BenaTsemay district showed that the district was experiencing an unusual high number of malaria cases in three kebeles (lowest administrative unit). We investigated the outbreak to describe malaria epidemiology in the district,...
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practiceon Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care Unitat Public Hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Masresha Leta Serbesa,
Maleda Tefera Iffa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
38-45
Received:
21 February 2019
Accepted:
17 May 2019
Published:
31 July 2019
Abstract: Background: Globally, the most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, which is responsible for about half of anemia cases in pregnancy, and it is estimated that in developed countries 38% of pregnant women have iron depletion. In developing countries, the major causes of anemia in pregnancy are nutritional deficiencies, parasitic infestations, HIV infection, hemorrhage and some chronic medical disorders like renal and hepatic diseases. Recent statistics indicate that anemia affects 57% of pregnant women globally with the highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Anemia is an indicator of nutritional deficiencies that significantly contribute to birth defects, preterm labour and low birth weight, hence it causes global public health problem. Objectives:- To assess knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention of Iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women attending ante-natal care unit at public Hospitals of Harar town, eastern Ethiopia from March, 12 - April 06, 2018. Method:- The study was done in Harar town on the public hospitals from March 12-April 12, 2018. The study design was institutional based cross sectional study. By using a single population formula & by making a correction formula our sample size was 128, which the pregnant women was select by simple random sampling from each Hospitals after proportional allocated based on the total sample size. The data was collected using close ended semi-structured questioners by trained 4 diploma nurses with 1 supervisor. For processing & analyzing SPSS version 20 was used & the data were presented by table, graph & chart using frequency & percentage of the results. Discussion: In our study the prevalence anemia shows 32% which indicate less than study done in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz, Egypt, Jordan, higher than Armenia & Moldova this may due to sample size & study area difference. Similar study in Sierra Leone among the 185 subjects, majority (89.2%) had heard about anemia. Which is comparable to our study, 68.1% recognized lack of iron in food as the cause for anemia, which is low in our study. About 69.7% pointed that consuming iron rich foods could prevent anemia, in our study it is less. Conclusion: according to our study the prevalence of IDA were low, this may related to most had knew, had positive attitude and practice method use to prevent iron deficiency anemia.
Abstract: Background: Globally, the most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, which is responsible for about half of anemia cases in pregnancy, and it is estimated that in developed countries 38% of pregnant women have iron depletion. In developing countries, the major causes of anemia in pregnancy are nutritional deficiencies, parasitic infestations, ...
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