The Current Status of Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Diabetes Mellitus
Yu Jian,
Chen Jiali,
Zeng Liuping,
Huang Xianzhen,
Li Wenying,
Zhou Peiru
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
126-129
Received:
3 October 2018
Accepted:
20 November 2018
Published:
21 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20180606.11
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Abstract: Background: Hypertension, characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure, can cause various complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereinafter referred to as diabetes) is the most common complication in patients with hypertension, and hypertension complicated with diabetes can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is pointed out that the prevalence of hypertension complicated with diabetes in China is 24.3%~ 38.4%. Objective: To analyze the blood glucose level and its related influencing factors in patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A retrospective survey using self-designed questionnaires was carried out in patients diagnosed with hypertension plus diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of a Grade III Level A hospital in Guangzhou from October 2015 to March 2016. The binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for blood glucose level. Results: A total of 437 patients with hypertension plus diabetes mellitus were included in the study. The standard-reaching rate of blood glucose was 24.3% which was of significant difference between different diabetic durations (P=0.007). The binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes (OR: 1.094; 95% CI: 1.036, 1.155) was the independent risk factor for the standard-reaching rate of blood glucose. Conclusions: The standard-reaching rate of blood glucose in patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus was relatively low and the duration of diabetes was an important risk factor for standard-reaching rate of blood glucose.
Abstract: Background: Hypertension, characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure, can cause various complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereinafter referred to as diabetes) is the most common complication in patients with hypertension, and hypertension complicated with diabetes can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is pointed...
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Blood Drain: A Threat to Maternal Health in Zimbabwe
Dodzo Munyaradzi Kenneth,
Mhloyi Marvellous,
Dodzo Memory
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
130-137
Received:
10 November 2018
Accepted:
29 November 2018
Published:
21 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20180606.12
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Abstract: Maternal death due to haemorrhage is common in developing countries. The clinical and physiological aspects of maternal bleeding are well researched and better known whereas the social, cultural and religious beliefs are not well understood. These cause delays that increase the risk of maternal death. This study sought to close that gap by using qualitative data from twelve (12) focus group discussions with women aged 19 to 49 years and six (6) key informant interviews with traditional and spiritual community birth attendants. These discussions were conducted in five (5) rural districts of Zimbabwe. A grounded-theory approach was used to analyze the data and verbatim quotes are presented with the results. The study found that, among women of child-bearing age, harmful maternal bleeding through the vagina and menstruation are regarded as synonymous. In some cases, harmful maternal bleeding is regarded as a normal and expected feminine experience, a shameful subject for discussion, the body’s self-cleansing process or a necessary occurrence during maternity. In other cases, women fear to raise false alarms. These social constructions of maternal haemorrhage tend to prolong the time between the incidence of bleeding and the instance of receiving appropriate care or death. The researchers conclude that maternal death due to haemorrhage headlines a bigger story involving delays in recognizing danger and deciding to seek care. Interventions must involve women, partners and/or husbands, households and communities to address harmful social norms, beliefs and attitudes towards vaginal bleeding.
Abstract: Maternal death due to haemorrhage is common in developing countries. The clinical and physiological aspects of maternal bleeding are well researched and better known whereas the social, cultural and religious beliefs are not well understood. These cause delays that increase the risk of maternal death. This study sought to close that gap by using qu...
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The Interplay Between Solar Radiation, Climate Change and Immunotoxicants in Relation to Immune Response Modulation: A Concern for Outdoor Workers’ Health
Carlo Grandi,
Maria Concetta D’Ovidio
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2018
Pages:
138-149
Received:
30 October 2018
Accepted:
21 November 2018
Published:
3 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20180606.13
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Abstract: Immune response may be dysregulated at multiple levels for multiple reasons, spanning from congenital defects to diseases, medical treatments, environmental and occupational exposures. The consequences of immune dysregulation, especially in the case of mild immune dysfunction, are not easy to predict, being dependent on several factors, but may be subtle in most cases. Adverse health outcomes like an increased susceptibility to infections, a higher risk of cancer or the development of autoimmune diseases may occur. Outdoor workers are exposed to several risk factors, partly depending on the working activity or the job performed and partly due to the features and variability of the outdoor environment itself. Outdoor environment generally implies the exposure to severe thermal conditions, meteorological agents, environmental pollutants and solar radiation. Some volatile organic compounds, heavy metals and many pesticide display immunotoxic properties. Solar radiation itself, through the UV component, may induce immunosuppressive effects, both locally and systemically. The ongoing climate change may have a profound impact on the levels of exposure to air pollutants, pesticides, solar radiation, biological agents and disease vectors. A detailed evaluation of the combined exposure to the above-mentioned risk factors is very difficult, given the number of factors involved, the spatial and temporal variability of exposure and the high number of jobs potentially conducted outdoor, but may contribute to the definition of the “exposome” for outdoor workers. The net effect on the immune response modulation and the occurrence of the related potential adverse health outcomes are hard to predict, but this topic is of great importance for a full implementation of occupational health and safety regulation in the case of outdoor workers. This implies an integrated approach in risk assessment, a detailed evaluation of the health status during health surveillance (with particular reference to the immune function) and a careful choice of a suitable combination of preventive and protective measures at individual level.
Abstract: Immune response may be dysregulated at multiple levels for multiple reasons, spanning from congenital defects to diseases, medical treatments, environmental and occupational exposures. The consequences of immune dysregulation, especially in the case of mild immune dysfunction, are not easy to predict, being dependent on several factors, but may be ...
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