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Side Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: The Experience of Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders
Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim,
M’Kumbuzi Vyvienne,
Olaogun Mathew Olatokunbo,
Afolabi Joshua Oluwafisayo,
Nondwe Bongokazi Mlenzana,
Manie Shamila,
Tarimo Nesto,
Mukoka Grace
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
106-112
Received:
25 June 2014
Accepted:
10 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are of choice for acute pain management in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) but they are not without side effects. The primary aim of this study was to investigate user’s experience of side effects of oral NSAIDs among patients with MSDs. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 296 patients with MSDs from physiotherapy out-patient clinics of five selected hospitals. A structured and close ended questionnaire was administered to investigate the side effects experienced by respondents. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages) and Chi-square were used to compare the mean percentage difference in the knowledge of NSAIDs and their side effects. Only 15% of the respondents were able to recognize the listed side effects. A significant number of the respondents (58.7%) were not informed of the side effects of the NSAIDs at the time of prescription (Ӽ2 = 8.82, p = 0.003). About 33.4% and 31% of respondents identified dizziness and abdominal pain respectively as side effects. Sixty two (22.3%) respondents had experienced dizziness while 15.9% experienced abdominal pains. Diclofenac was the most frequently prescribed NSAID (153 [51.7%]). Only 2.0% and 2.7% of respondents were aware of phonophoresis and iontophoresis respectively as alternative means of administering NSAIDs where applicable. The Chi-square test revealed that the number of respondents that preferred alternative means of administration (where applicable) was significantly higher than those who preferred the oral routes (x2 = 74.5, p = 0.001). We concluded that this sample of Nigerian patients was not informed of the side effects of NSAIDs by the prescribers. Dizziness and abdominal pains were the most experienced side effects. The role of alternative methods to administer NSAIDs need to be made available to patients where applicable to increase their health care choices.
Abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are of choice for acute pain management in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) but they are not without side effects. The primary aim of this study was to investigate user’s experience of side effects of oral NSAIDs among patients with MSDs. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 296 patients w...
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Antenatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors from Rural Health Extension Workers in Abuna Gindeberet District, West Shewa, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia
Birhanu Darega Gela,
Nagasa Dida Bedada,
Fikru Tafese Jaleta,
Shimeles Ololo Sinkie
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
113-117
Received:
6 July 2014
Accepted:
16 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Developing countries has low antenatal care coverage. A new cadre of community levels health workers in Ethiopia hoped to improve maternal health problem by providing antenatal care services. However, level of antenatal care services utilization from rural health extension workers is not well known. Thus, this study aimed to assess antenatal cares utilizations and associated factors from rural health extension workers in Abuna Gindeberet district of West Shewa, Oromiya regional state, Central Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 703 randomly identified mothers of Abuna Gindeberet district in March 2013. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine prevalence and in identifying, associated factors of antenatal care considering p-value of 0.05. Five hundred seventy nine (82.4%) of the mothers had received antenatal care services during their recent pregnancy. From total mothers used antenatal care services, four hundred twenty three of them (73.1%) received the service from health extension workers. Age, educational level of respondent, distance from health post, decision makers in household and being model family were found to be statistically significant with antenatal care services utilization from health extension workers. Antenatal care service utilization from rural health extension workers was high. Age, educational level of the respondent, distance from health post, parity, decision making way and being a model family were among the predictors of antenatal care utilization from health extension workers. Thus, focusing the identified factors could improve and sustain antenatal care services from rural health extension workers.
Abstract: Developing countries has low antenatal care coverage. A new cadre of community levels health workers in Ethiopia hoped to improve maternal health problem by providing antenatal care services. However, level of antenatal care services utilization from rural health extension workers is not well known. Thus, this study aimed to assess antenatal cares ...
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Traditional and Orthodox Medical Systems in Nigeria: The Imperative of a Synthesis
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
118-124
Received:
11 August 2013
Accepted:
25 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Every society makes provisions for health care delivery systems for its members. This is with a view to providing medical and related services for the maintenance of good health, particularly through the prevention and treatment of diseases. This is in recognition of the pervasive importance of good health upon which life is contigent. These societies thus developed indigeneous medical systems through interactions with their environment wherein the health needs of the people were met. The aftermath of colonisation in Nigeria has however presented two health care systems- traditional and orthodox- which seem to work at cross purposes in meeting the health needs of the people. While orthodox practice enjoys official recognition, traditional practice is derided by the authorities. Yet a significant proportion of the population (about 70 per cent) still patronise the traditional health practitioners. It is obvious that the two forms of medical practice have come to stay and it is logical therefore to explore the possibility of both being available to the people for improved health care delivery system for the people . This paper, through literature reviews, examines the structures and features of both medical systems in Nigeria with a view to finding a convergence that will be to the advantage of the populace.
Abstract: Every society makes provisions for health care delivery systems for its members. This is with a view to providing medical and related services for the maintenance of good health, particularly through the prevention and treatment of diseases. This is in recognition of the pervasive importance of good health upon which life is contigent. These societ...
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Factors that Influence Utilization of the Female Condom among Senior Secondary School Female Students in Urban Cameroon
Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang,
Luchuo Engelbert Bain
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
125-133
Received:
2 July 2014
Accepted:
15 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: The female condom is a proven effective female controlled HIV prevention device. Sociocultural and biological factors predispose women to a heavier burden of HIV/AIDS than men. In Cameroon, with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, no study has investigated the factors influencing use of the female condom. This study was aimed to identify the factors influencing utilization of the female condom among senior secondary school female students in Kumba, Cameroon, using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the framework. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted using a stratified simple random sample of 398 senior secondary school female students to respond to a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted at the 0.05 significance level. The proportion of the sexually active female students who reported ever used the female condom was very low, 8.0%. None of the components of the HBM was statistically associated with female condom use in binomial logistic regression analysis. However, female students who disagreed that youths are prone to HIV; that a healthy looking person can be HIV positive (perceived susceptibility); that the consequences of having HIV/AIDS are so serious that they may want to avoid them (perceived severity); that correct and consistent use of the female condom can prevent HIV transmission (perceived benefit); that they feel confident that they can convince their partners to use the female condom during sexual intercourse (perceived self-efficacy) were associated with lower odds of using the female condom during sexual intercourse: OR=0.44; 0.94; 0.43; 0.59; and 0.60 respectively. Conversely, female students who disagreed that the female condom makes sexual intercourse less enjoyable; that due to religious beliefs they would feel guilty using the female condom; that they lack knowledge on the correct use of the female condom; and that distance to the nearest female condom supply point is far (perceived barriers) were associated with higher odds of using the female condom during sexual intercourse: OR=1.20; 1.57; 1.16 and 1.49 respectively. Also, female students who perceived that they were at high risk of contracting HIV were at higher odds of using the female condom during sexual intercourse 1.87. Interventions to increase the perception of risk of contracting HIV among female students and strategies to empower them with female condom negotiation skills and to overcome tangible and psycho-social barriers to female condom use are highly needed.
Abstract: The female condom is a proven effective female controlled HIV prevention device. Sociocultural and biological factors predispose women to a heavier burden of HIV/AIDS than men. In Cameroon, with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, no study has investigated the factors influencing use of the female condom. This study was aimed to identify the factors inf...
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Determination of Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity and the Correlation with Adult Obesity- A Random Cross Sectional Study from Nepal
Binay Kumar Raut,
Mukesh Kumar Jha,
Dijan Baidya,
Hari Sundar Shrestha,
Subhash Sapkota,
Madhukar Aryal,
Prabodh Risal,
Shyam Sundar Malla
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
134-139
Received:
23 July 2014
Accepted:
6 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a global problem that is rising at an astounding rate. The children and adolescent obesity are the burning issues. Body mass index (BMI) also called Quetelet Index (initially described by Quetelet in 1869), has become the measurement of choice to measure overweight and obesity in adults. To date there is no information on the extent of affliction due to overweight and obesity among children and their associated risk factors in Nepal. Objectives: The study was undertaken to find out if dietary, behavioral and physical factors contributed to risk of obesity in Nepalese children and adolescents around Kathmandu valley and to find out the association between childhood obesity with parental obesity. Methods: The study was conducted among subjects aged 5-19 years at four different locations; Lalitpur, Thimi, Kushadevi and Dhulikhel, Nepal. A total of 324 children and their 648 parents (324 father and mother each) participated in the study. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for all participants. Variables relation to socioeconomic status, dietary habits, physical factors and emotional well being were determined using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: As determined with the help of BMI, the factors like socioeconomic status and sedentary lifestyle were found to contribute to various conditions like obesity, underweight and overweight in children of various ages, although, prevalence of obesity was low compared to the other conditions. Also BMI of children was found to be positively and significantly correlated with father’s and mother's BMI indicating its importance as a marker in progression of such health conditions in children. Conclusions: BMI proved to be a reliable indicator of adverse health conditions like obesity in Nepalese children and could contribute to understanding the role of the various risk factors of dietary, social and physical nature in the development of these conditions.
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a global problem that is rising at an astounding rate. The children and adolescent obesity are the burning issues. Body mass index (BMI) also called Quetelet Index (initially described by Quetelet in 1869), has become the measurement of choice to measure overweight and obesity in adults. To date there is no information on the...
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Delay for First Consultation and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients in Bahir Dar Town Administration, North West Ethiopia
Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen,
Lakew Abebe,
Netsanet Fentahun,
Shegaw Alemu Belay,
Addisu Workineh Kassa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
140-145
Received:
18 July 2014
Accepted:
4 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Delayed presentation for first consultation is a major problem contributing to the high burden and transmission of tuberculosis in most developing countries including Ethiopia. There is paucity of evidence on the magnitude of patient delay and why patients fail to seek care in health institution early in Bahirdar town administration area. Objective: To determine the delay for first consultation and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Bahir Dar town health facilities. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 March – 08 May 2012 in Bahirdar town administration health facility. For quantitative part a total of 315 study participants were included. For qualitative part, eighteen study participants of family members were participated. Data were collected from newly diagnosed TB patients. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16 window. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with patient delay. Result: The magnitude of patient delay was 165(52.4%) and median of patient delay was 30 days within range of 3 to 270 days. Illiterate (AOR=6.18,95% CI:1.34, 28.43), extra pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR=10.12, 95% CI:3.07, 33.37), living greater than a distance of 10 km from TB service in health facilities (AOR=3.55,95%CI:1.17,10.80), prior visited ,with holy water (AOR=10.55, 95% CI:3.99, 27.89) ,with traditional healer (AOR=4.29, 95% CI:1.13, 16.37 and with private drug store/pharmacy (AOR=6.81, 95% CI:2.47,18.78) were determinants of patients delay for first consultation in health facilities. Conclusion: The magnitude of patient delay was generally higher than most African and other developing countries. More than half, 54.6% of tuberculosis patients delayed seeking health care at health facility while getting treatment from informal sources of treatment. Health promotion and education involving different stake holders will make the community to create awareness about tuberculosis could help reduce delays in starting modern treatment was recommended.
Abstract: Background: Delayed presentation for first consultation is a major problem contributing to the high burden and transmission of tuberculosis in most developing countries including Ethiopia. There is paucity of evidence on the magnitude of patient delay and why patients fail to seek care in health institution early in Bahirdar town administration are...
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Perceived Quality of Antenatal Care Service by Pregnant Women in Public and Private Health Facilities in Northern Ethiopia
Girmatsion Fesseha,
Mussie Alemayehu,
Belachew Etana,
Kiday Haileslassie,
Ayalnesh Zemene
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
146-151
Received:
27 July 2014
Accepted:
4 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Quality of Antenatal care is potentially one of the most effective health intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in places where the general health status of women is poor. Improving quality of health care is one of the strategies in Health sector development program IV (HSDP IV) of Ethiopia. However, there are limited studies on quality of antenatal coverage in Ethiopia including the study area. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the perceived quality of Antenatal care of pregnant women in public and private health facilities in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: Health institution based cross sectional study was conducted from February to May, 2013 in Tigray region among 526 pregnant women attending Antenatal care clinic. Participants were selected using multi-stage sampling technique first health facility were selected using lottery method then pregnant women from each selected facility were selected using systematic sampling method according to the flow pregnant women to the ANC clinics. Data were entered and cleaned using EPI-info version 3.5.1 and analysis was performed by SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odd ratio with 95% confidence level. Statistical association between the dependent and independent variables was ascertained at p-value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of overall perceived quality of ANC was 24.5%. Factors like women aged between 26 and 35 years [AOR=0.58(0.38-0.88)], governmental institution ANC attendance [AOR=0.52(0.33-0.83)], own income [AOR=0.61(0.40-0.92)], one to three ANC attendance [AOR=0.31(0.18-0.54)], testing for HIV [AOR=0.12(0.06-0.24)] causes less likely to perceived that getting high quality ANC service however, waiting time greater than one hour [AOR=3.42(1.61-7.28)] is positively associated with mother perception toward getting high quality ANC service. Conclusions: This study revealed that the perceived quality of ANC is very poor. Therefore, urgent action is mandatory to improve the quality ANC service by providing women centered approaches in giving care, in-service training to health care providers on quality practices.
Abstract: Background: Quality of Antenatal care is potentially one of the most effective health intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in places where the general health status of women is poor. Improving quality of health care is one of the strategies in Health sector development program IV (HSDP IV) of Ethiopia. However, ...
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A Study on Quality of Life of Elderly Population in Bangladesh
Md Nuruzzaman Khan,
Md Nazrul Islam Mondal,
Nazrul Hoque,
Mohammad Shariful Islam,
Md Shahiduzzaman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
152-157
Received:
26 July 2014
Accepted:
4 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Bangladesh currently experiences the significant increase of aging population with poverty and breakdown of various social and traditional bonds. So, this study was undertaken to assess the background profile, pattern of morbidity and overall quality of life (QoL) of elderly population in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 250 elderly populations (male=168, female=82) aged 60 and over from three villages of Pabna district, Bangladesh through a pre-structured questionnaire. In each domain of the World Health Organization (WHO) WHOQoL-BREF, descriptive statistical analysis was presented and the internal consistency was measured by Cronbach alpha. Finally, to compare the mean domains score of QoL, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The results revealed that most common health complications are insomnia and eye problems. The highest QoL score was found (52.87±18.74) in social relationship domain and least score was found (48.65±16.39) in environmental domain. Elderly males are shown the higher mean domains score in all domains except overall QoL whereas elderly females are shown the higher mean score in overall QoL domain. Again, elderly who are presently workless and live in the joint family have the better mean score in physical and environmental domain respectively. To develop the QoL of the elderly, emphasis should be given to improve their financial condition and traditional family bond.
Abstract: Bangladesh currently experiences the significant increase of aging population with poverty and breakdown of various social and traditional bonds. So, this study was undertaken to assess the background profile, pattern of morbidity and overall quality of life (QoL) of elderly population in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 250 elderly populations...
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Intention to Donate Blood among the Eligible Population in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Gebremeskel Mirutse,
Girmatsion Fisseha,
Lakew Abebe,
Zewda Birhanu,
Mussie Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
158-163
Received:
30 July 2014
Accepted:
15 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Introduction: Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusions. However, in most developing countries, including in Ethiopia people’s still die due to inadequate supply of blood and blood products. In addition, the intention of the adult population toward blood donation is poorly assessed in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the intention and factors influencing to donate blood in Northern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among the dwellers of the Mekelle town from March 1 to 25/2010. Data were collected from 768 randomly selected individuals who were eligible for blood donation. Theory of planned Behavior model was employed. Chi-square test, Correlation and Hierarchical regression analysis were employed to measure association and identify predictor variables of the behavioral intention to donate blood. Result: The overall mean of participants’ intention to donate blood voluntarily over the next six months is below neutral, that is 2.74 with (SD ±1•012). Half of the respondents have a low knowledge about blood donation and majority (88%) did not have a history of blood donation. The variables explaining 12.7% of the variance of intention to donate blood were: knowledge (β = 0.277; P < 0•0001), subjective norm (β = 0.039; P < 0•0001), and attitude (β = 0.025; P < 0•0001). Conclusion: People’s intention to donate blood is low. Knowledge, attitude and subjective norms were main predictors of blood donation. Therefore, blood collectors should do periodic community sensitization to upgrade knowledge and create a positive attitude towards voluntary blood donation.
Abstract: Introduction: Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusions. However, in most developing countries, including in Ethiopia people’s still die due to inadequate supply of blood and blood products. In addition, the intention of the adult population toward blood donation is poorly assessed in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is ...
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Nurses Knowledge Related to Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Associated Factors at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
164-170
Received:
26 July 2014
Accepted:
11 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Even though some adverse drug reactions are minor and can be resolved quickly, some can cause permanent disability or death. Inadequate knowledge of adverse drug reactions by Nurses is a common problem of any pharmacovigilence programs. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess predictors of Nurses knowledge related to adverse drug reaction reporting at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods - Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from March 11, 2013 to April 12, 2013. A total number of 214 Nurses involved in this study. Self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed for identifying inadequate knowledge regarding adverse drug reaction reporting. Results: Mean age of the respondents21.8 years (SD = 7.01). One hundred twenty two (57.0%) of the respondents were females, 152(71.7%) participants’ level of education were bachelor of Nurse. The participants mean of experience were 1.64 (SD = 4.7) years. One hundred one (99.0%) participants had inadequate knowledge on how to report adverse drug reaction and Nurses who categorized in the age of 26-35 years was 10.4 times more likely inadequate knowledge (AOR = 10.4, 95% CI = 86.423 - 1.251, P=0.030).Conclusions and recommendation: Nurses were inadequate knowledge on adverse drug reaction reporting. So Food, Medicine, Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia should prepare training and continual education related to adverse drug reaction reporting for Nurses.
Abstract: Background: Even though some adverse drug reactions are minor and can be resolved quickly, some can cause permanent disability or death. Inadequate knowledge of adverse drug reactions by Nurses is a common problem of any pharmacovigilence programs. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess predictors of Nurses knowledge related to adverse...
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Changes in Inpatient Satisfaction with Nursing Care and Communication at Debre Markos Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Shegaw Alemu,
Challi Jira,
Tsion Asseffa,
Mayur M. Desa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
171-176
Received:
2 August 2014
Accepted:
15 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Improving communication and collaboration between admitted patients and nurses can improve patient satisfaction and quality of care. Objective: To assess changes in in- patient satisfaction with nursing care and nurse’s communication. Methods: The study was conducted at Debre Markos hospital from October 15 to December 17, 2009 using a quantitative pre and post cross-sectional study design. A total of 392 study subjects were included. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 window. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify factors associated with patient satisfaction. Results: The results showed that overall 223(56.0%), 44(25.1%) in pre-intervention and 179(82.5%) in post- intervention were satisfied with in-patient service. There was significant difference in in-patient satisfaction before and after intervention. A total of 170(43.4%) patients, 56(32.0%) before intervention and 114(52.5%) after intervention, claimed that they had good communication with nurses and there was significant difference before and after intervention. Level of intervention, ward, nurses' communication, nurses' age and patient's age were determinants of patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The overall level of patient satisfaction was low and training was found to increase the communication of nurses with their patients. Therefore, in-service trainings on communication should be arranged for nurses by hospitals and the stake holders provide attention to trainings on interpersonal communication in order to increase nurses' communication capacity.
Abstract: Background: Improving communication and collaboration between admitted patients and nurses can improve patient satisfaction and quality of care. Objective: To assess changes in in- patient satisfaction with nursing care and nurse’s communication. Methods: The study was conducted at Debre Markos hospital from October 15 to December 17, 2009 using a ...
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Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru,
Addisu Workineh Kassa,
Belay Bezabih Beyene,
Tilahun Belete Mossie,
Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
182-187
Received:
3 August 2014
Accepted:
16 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Introduction- Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It remains the major public health challenge in Amhara region. Mecha, Dera and Fogera are some of the malaria endemic districts of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and guide intervention measures. Methods – Descriptive cross sectional investigation of malaria outbreak was conducted. We used health facility records of malaria data and entomological survey. We discussed with health extension workers and available morbidity, mortality and diagnostic data was collected. We surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of LLINs and its status, the condition of IRS operation at household level was observed. Results-In Midre-Genet kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria in the 4th week of April was 3 per 1000(19) population and reached to 37 per 1000(226) population in the 2nd week of May 2012.The attack rate was 82.5 per 1000(67) population in under-fives and 82.6 per 1000(429) population in >5 years old. In Wotet-Ber kebele the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 5 per 1000(35) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 22 per 1000 (150) population in the 2nd week of May. The attack rate was 30.4 per 1000(28) population in under-fives and 42.9 per 1000(253) population in >5 years old. In Zemene-Hiwot kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 4.5 per 1000 (45) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 17 per 1000(171) population in the 3rd week of May 2012. The attack rate was 82.6 per 1000(111) population in under-fives and 36.3 per 1000(312) in >5 years old.In Hamusit cluster the number of confirmed malaria cases surpass the threshold starting from December 2011. Attack rate was 8.9 per 1000(559) population in December 2011 and became 14.7 per 1000(919) population in April 2012. In Aba Kiros kebele prevalence rate of malaria increased in the 2nd week of May 2012 1.2(8) and reached to 14.9(93) per 1000 population in the 1st week of June 2012. Vector control interventions were not done in all affected villages/kebeles. Conclusion- There were multiple breeding sites where the larvae of anopheles mosquitoes found and vector control interventions were not carried out timely. There was no weekly monitoring chart at districts and health facilities to detect increased malaria cases at an early stage.
Abstract: Introduction- Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It remains the major public health challenge in Amhara region. Mecha, Dera and Fogera are some of the malaria endemic districts of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and guide intervention measures. Methods – ...
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Barriers to Adherence of Optimal Birth Spacing: A Qualitative Study among Mothers and their Husbands in Arba Minch Zuria District, Ethiopia
Desta Hailu,
Teklemariam Gultie,
Yinager Workineh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
188-195
Received:
4 August 2014
Accepted:
15 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Optimal birth spacing plays a critical role in promoting perinatal health. However, in Ethiopia, many women still have shorter birth intervals than they would prefer and studies done to assess knowledge of couples were scarce. The objective of this study therefore was to assess perceived knowledge of couples about the disadvantage of short birth intervals in Arba Minch Zuria district, Ethiopia.Methods: Qualitative study design was conducted from February to April 2014 among women having at least two consecutive live births. Purposive sampling was employed to select information rich participants. Data were collected through focus group discussions using a semi- structured flexible discussion guide. Sixteen FGDs were conducted involving a total of 128 participants. Data were entered in to open code software and analyzed thematically.Result: Perceived disadvantage of short birth spacing, ultimate decision maker about birth intervals and reasons for experiencing short birth spacing were the major themes emerged from the discussion. knowledge of focus group discussants about the disadvantages of short birth pacing was high. Ultimate decision maker about birth spacing were couples in the optimal spacers groups. On the other hand, husbands had the right to say the final word among discussants that had short birth intervals. Index child being female, husband & religious influences, fear of side effects of contraceptive, lack of information about the benefit contraceptives, and inaccessibility of reproductive health services were noted as reasons to experience short birth spacing.Conclusion: Perceived knowledge of discussants was similarly high in both short and optimal birth spacers. The main reasons for experiencing short birth spacing were, husband influence, fear of side effects of contraceptives, lack of information about the benefits of contraceptives, and geographical inaccessibility of reproductive health care services. For women to achieve optimal birth spacing, they need the support of their significant family members. Hence, behavioral change communications should target all of those who have a direct or indirect influence on birth spacing decisions. Moreover, the district in collaboration with other stallholders needs to work hard to make reproductive health service accessible in all aspects.
Abstract: Background: Optimal birth spacing plays a critical role in promoting perinatal health. However, in Ethiopia, many women still have shorter birth intervals than they would prefer and studies done to assess knowledge of couples were scarce. The objective of this study therefore was to assess perceived knowledge of couples about the disadvantage of sh...
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Nutritional Status in Heart Failure Patients throughout Chronic Kidney Disease Stages
López-Rodríguez Yadira,
Orea-Tejeda Arturo,
Castillo-Martínez Lilia,
Delgado-Pérez David Alejandro,
Keirns-Davis Candace,
García-Castañeda Luis Roberto,
Calvario-Monarca Elizabeth,
Dávila-Radilla Fernando
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
196-202
Received:
14 July 2014
Accepted:
14 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in patients with heart failure coexisting with stage 1-5 renal disease. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 113 patients with HF and CKD that were classified into stages 1-5 according to the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. The following characteristics were recorded: co-morbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic data, medication, and biochemical parameters (albumin, hemoglobin and electrolytes). Nutritional status was evaluated by bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In the nutritional status evaluation by BIVA, 53.1% were cachectic, 23.9% obese and 21.12% normal. The prevalence of cachexia is higher with advancing stages of CKD, while hand grip strength, arm and waist circumferences decreased. In SGA 79.8% had a normal nutritional status, 16.8% mild malnutrition and 2.7% moderate-severe malnutrition. Hypoalbuminemia was presented in 22.5% of subjects, most commonly found in stages 1, 4 and 5; the prevalence of anemia was 47.2% and also increased with advancing stages of CKD, showing a prevalence of 13.3% in stage 1 and 100% stage 5. Conclusions: The prevalence of cachexia was higher in stages 3-5 of CKD, mild to severe malnutrition in stages 4 and 5, and anemia in stage 5, so HF and advanced CKD are associated with deteriorating nutritional status.
Abstract: Background & aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the prognosis of heart failure is poor, especially with coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). However little is known about how HF and CKD together influence the nutritional status, so the main objective of this study was to assess nutritional status in...
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Association between Chronic Bronchitis and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Chinese Subjects Over 90 Years of Age
Lingyun Gao,
Birong Dong,
Qiu Kui Hao
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
203-206
Received:
2 August 2014
Accepted:
13 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Objective: chronic bronchitis may have a key influence on cognitive function, however, the relationship between chronic bronchitis and cognitive impairment in the elderly Chinese population has not been explored. The present study investigated the association between cognitive impairment and chronic bronchitis in elderly Chinese subjects over 90 years of age. Methods: This study comprised data from subjects included in the 2005 Project of Longevity and Ageing in Dujiangyan, China. Subjects were divided into two groups: cognitive impairment group and normal group. Chronic bronchitis data were collected and cognitive function was assessed in all subjects using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation (SD) or number and percentage. All data were computerized for statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software package, version 11.5 software program. Results: Data from 763 subjects (249 men, 514 women) were included. There was no statistically significant difference in history of chronic bronchitis between the two groups. Education level in the cognitive impairment group was significantly lower than in the normal group. Conclusions: chronic bronchitis were not related to cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese people over 90 years of age.
Abstract: Objective: chronic bronchitis may have a key influence on cognitive function, however, the relationship between chronic bronchitis and cognitive impairment in the elderly Chinese population has not been explored. The present study investigated the association between cognitive impairment and chronic bronchitis in elderly Chinese subjects over 90 ye...
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Predictors of Nurses Reporting Practice Related to Adverse Drug Reaction at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
207-215
Received:
26 July 2014
Accepted:
18 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Prevention, monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reactions is still a challenge among Nurses. Objective: to assess predictors of Nurses’ practice related to adverse drug reaction reporting at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from March 11, 2013 to April 12, 2013. A total number of 214 Nurses involved in this study. Self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed for identifying not reporting practice regarding adverse drug reaction. Results: Mean age of the respondents 21.8 years (SD = 7.01). One hundred twenty two (57.0%) of the respondents were females, 152(71.7%) participants’ level of education were bachelor of Nurse. The participants mean of experience were 1.64 (SD = 4.7) years. Participants who took training/seminar on Pharmacovigilance had 0.29 times more likely to have adequate knowledge (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.226– 0.004, P=0.001) Conclusions and recommendation: Even though most Nurses had encountered adverse drug reaction, most of them were not reporting regarding adverse drug reaction. So Food, Medicine, Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia should prepare training and continual education related to adverse drug reaction reporting for Nurses.
Abstract: Background: Prevention, monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reactions is still a challenge among Nurses. Objective: to assess predictors of Nurses’ practice related to adverse drug reaction reporting at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: Hospital based cross sectional study was...
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Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetic Patients in Southern Ethiopia
Temesgen Fiseha,
Mehidi Kassim,
Tilahun Yemane
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
216-221
Received:
7 August 2014
Accepted:
16 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes is associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. No studies are available on the prevalence of CKD among diabetics in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among diabetic adults attending Butajira hospital of Southern Ethiopia based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted in Butajira hospital, southern Ethiopia among 214 randomly selected diabetic adults. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from September 1, 2013 to October 31, 2013. The simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault (CG) equations were used to estimate GFR (eGFR) from serum creatinine value. SPSS 20.0 Software was used for data analysis. Results: 39 (18.2%) and 51 (23.8%) of the study participants were found to have CKD, as defined by eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, according to the MDRD and Cockroft-Gault equations, respectively. Of these; 17.3 and 22.9% have stage 3 CKD, and 0.9% have stage 4 CKD, respectively. Significant risk factors for CKD in the study subjects when using either the MDRD or C-G equation were older age, longer duration of diabetes, family history of kidney disease, and poor glucose control (P < 0.05). Additionally, female sex (P < 0.008) and obesity (P < 0.038) were independent risk factors for CKD when defined by the MDRD, and type 2 diabetes was when defined by C–G (P < 0.03). Conclusion: CKD was present in not less than 18.2% diabetic adults attending the follow up clinic at Butajira hospital, in southern Ethiopia. Risk factors for CKD were similar to those reported in developed country studies. Using the MDRD equation led to a lower prevalence of CKD and a better risk categorization than did by C-G equation, thus contributing to better management of clinical outcomes in diabetic care.
Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes is associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. No studies are available on the prevalence of CKD among diabetics in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among diabetic adults...
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