Antifertility Effect of Inhaled Cannabis Sativa on Male Wistar Rats
Udokang Nsikak Ephraim,
Udom Utibe Godwin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
1-7
Received:
30 November 2018
Accepted:
29 December 2018
Published:
29 January 2019
Abstract: A total of forty (40) male wistar rats randomly divided into four groups of ten (10) rats per group were used for this work. Group 1 served as the control and was treated with distilled water, group 2 was the low dose group (exposed to cannabis smoke for 5minutes daily), group 3 was the high dose group (exposed to cannabis smoke for 10minutes daily) and group 4 was the high dose + ascorbic acid group (exposed to cannabis smoke for 10 minutes and orally gavaged with ascorbic acid at 2.8mg/kg body weight daily). The rats were weighed weekly and the administration lasted for 28days. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day and blood was collected by means of cardiac puncture. Serum was obtained for hormonal assay. The result showed a significant increase in the body weight (p>0.05) in the high dose group compared to low dose and high dose + ascorbic acid group, while the control group recorded the least body weight gained. There was significant decrease in testicular weight (p>0.05) in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Prolactin level was significantly increased (p>0.05) in the high dose group compared to the other groups. Estradiol level was significantly decreased (p>0.05) in the high dose group compared to the other groups. Testosterone level was significantly increased (p>0.05) in the high dose + ascorbic acid group compared to the other groups. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) level was significantly increased (p>0.05) in the high dose and high dose + ascorbic acid group compared to the other two groups. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) level increased significantly (p>0.05) in the control and high dose groups compared to the other two groups. From this result, it can therefore be concluded that cannabis sativa decreases testicular weight, estradiol and testosterone level and increases body weight, FSH, LH and prolactin level in male wistar rats. Also that ascorbic acid (vitamin c) was able to ameliorate some of these effects.
Abstract: A total of forty (40) male wistar rats randomly divided into four groups of ten (10) rats per group were used for this work. Group 1 served as the control and was treated with distilled water, group 2 was the low dose group (exposed to cannabis smoke for 5minutes daily), group 3 was the high dose group (exposed to cannabis smoke for 10minutes daily...
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Documentation of the Clinical Blood Transfusion Practice at a Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya
Japheth Chebii Kipkulei,
Nathan Gyabi Buziba,
Simeon Kipkoech Mining
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
8-11
Received:
12 December 2018
Accepted:
22 January 2019
Published:
15 February 2019
Abstract: Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It can restore normal life expectancy and improve quality of life when used safely. Blood is scarce, costly and its use could be associated. with complications. Good clinical practice, which includes proper documentation, ensures safe and effective transfusion practice. The objective of the study was to analyze the process of documenting the clinical blood transfusion practice at public teaching and referral hospital. A hospital based medical chart review of 384 patients who were transfused from June 2013 to November 2013 was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used to sample the patient medical charts and a data was collected using a structured data collection. Data was analyzed using frequency tables and is presented in form of text, tables and charts. Approval was obtained from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee of Moi University and the patient’s medical records were de-identified. The median age of the recipients was 31.5 years (IQR 13, 45.8) and the range was 1 day to 89 years. Females comprised 55.2% of the recipients. The indication of the transfusion, pre-transfusion Hb, consent, blood and blood product unit number, start times, duration of transfusion and observations of vital signs were documented in the charts of 91.1%. 99.0%, 0.8%, 73.4%, 43%, 47.1% and 27.6% of all the recipients respectively. It was concluded that there were inadequacies in the documentation of the transfusion process. The strategies of clinical audit and continuing medical education of health workers ought to be applied in order to improve the documentation of the clinical practice of blood transfusion. In addition, studies to establish the reasons for inadequate documentation of the transfusion process should be carried out.
Abstract: Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It can restore normal life expectancy and improve quality of life when used safely. Blood is scarce, costly and its use could be associated. with complications. Good clinical practice, which includes proper documentation, ensures safe and effective transfusion practice. The objectiv...
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Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Neisseria Meningitides Isolates from Asymptomatic Carriers in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Fikerte Mulatu,
Zelalem Mekonnen,
Biruk Yeshitela,
Hiwot Tilahun,
Melaku Yidnekachew,
Marechign Yimer,
Tsehaynesh Lema,
Wude Mhiret,
Kassu Desta,
Oumer Ali,
Adane Mihret
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
12-18
Received:
13 March 2019
Accepted:
13 April 2019
Published:
30 May 2019
Abstract: Neisseria meningitides represents a pathogen of great public health importance in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to some antimicrobial agents used either for therapy of invasive infections or for prophylaxis of case contacts has long been recognized. However, there is no data in relation with the circulating serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Neisseria meningitides in Ethiopia. Therefore; the aim of this study was to assess drug susceptibility patterns of Neisseria meningitides from asymptomatic carrier for all age group at Meskan and Mareko Districts, Gurage Zone, in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State Ethiopia. A Cross-sectional survey of an age-stratified population in Meskan and Mareko Districts, Gurage Zone, in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State in Ethiopia was conducted at AHRI as part of the MenAfricar project. A total of 4110 subjects were screened and from these 187 Neisseria meningitides positive isolates was selected for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on stored Neisseria meningitides isolates. The activities of ten antimicrobial agents used for treatment and prophylaxis of meningococcal disease were investigated. The AST was performed for Neisseria meningitides isolates according to the criteria of the CLSI guide line by disk diffusion method. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 20.0 software. From 187 isolates 8(4.28%) were serogroup X, 24(12.83%) were serogroup Y, 1(0.53%) were serogroup W135, and 154(82.35%) were non determinant (ND). Cotrimoxazol resistant were the highest accounting116(62%), Ciprofloxacine resistant were 112(60%), Cefotaxime resistant were 26(14%), Ceftriaxone resistant were 24(13%), Meropenenem resistantwere 21(11%), Minocycline resistant were 15(8%), Rifampine resistant were 149(7%), 10(5%) were resistant to Azithromycine, 7(4%) were resistant to Chloramphenicol and 6(3%) were resistant to Levofloxacin and 102(54.5%) isolates were resistance for more than one drug. So, it has beenconcluded that an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Neisseria meningitides among asymptomatic carriers is high and continued surveillance of meningococci for antimicrobial resistance is necessary to monitor early detection of changes in susceptibility patterns that might affect recommendations for chemoprophylaxis and treatment.
Abstract: Neisseria meningitides represents a pathogen of great public health importance in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to some antimicrobial agents used either for therapy of invasive infections or for prophylaxis of case contacts has long been recognized. However, there is no data in relation with the circulating serotypes and antim...
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