Retrospective Study of the Seminalysis Report at an Infertility Clinic in South-Eastern Nigeria
Udokang Nsikak Ephraim,
Udom Utibe Godwin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2019
Pages:
46-50
Received:
26 June 2019
Accepted:
19 July 2019
Published:
6 August 2019
Abstract: This study was carried out on 165 men in Nigeria. These men were husbands whose wives were attending infertility clinic in a hospital in Nigeria between the year 2013 and 2016. The semen parameters of these men were evaluated according to WHO (2010) procedures and they include semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm motility and semen pH. The seminalysis recorded are as follows: Semen Volume (ml), 0-1.4 (20.6%, 34men); 1.5-2.9 (34.0%, 56men); 3.0 and above (45.4%, 75men); Total Sperm Count (106/ml), 0-14.9 (18.8%, 31men); 15-29.9 (27.2%, 45men); 30 and above, 54.0%(89men); Sperm Morphology (%), 0-4, 3.7%(6men); 5-50 (46.0%, 76men); 51 and above (50.3%, 83men); Progressive Sperm Motility (%), 0-31 (44.2%, 73men); 32-60 (29.7%, 49men); 61 and above (26.1%, 36men); Total Sperm Motility (%), 0-39 (26.6%, 44men), 40 and above (73.4%, 121men); Semen pH, less than 7.2 (49.1%, 81men); 7.2 -8 (50.6%, 84men). According to this result, and with direct reference to 49.1% of the subjects having abnormal semen pH, it is concluded and in support of the claim that men contribute to almost half of the couples' infertility cases with abnormal sperm motility and semen pH being the highest contributing factors.
Abstract: This study was carried out on 165 men in Nigeria. These men were husbands whose wives were attending infertility clinic in a hospital in Nigeria between the year 2013 and 2016. The semen parameters of these men were evaluated according to WHO (2010) procedures and they include semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm motility and...
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Review on Quality Characteristics of Complementary Food and Look for Policy Gap in Case of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2019
Pages:
51-58
Received:
5 June 2019
Accepted:
11 July 2019
Published:
7 August 2019
Abstract: Malnutrition is the main factor for mortality and morbidity of children in developing countries. In Ethiopia 57% of death of children under 5 year of age are due to malnutrition. Inappropriate complementary feeding practices and it underlies more than one-third of child mortality in Ethiopia. Baby’s growth and development is dependent on the type and amount of nourishment gets. Breast milk and the quality of complementary food play important role in baby’s growth. When breast milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs of the infant, complementary foods should be added to the diet of the child. The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods, referred to as complementary feeding, during the period of complementary feeding, children are at high risk of under nutrition. Complementary foods are often of inadequate nutritional quality, or they are given too early or too late, in too small amounts, or not frequently enough. So consuming quality complementary foods should be given. The Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breast feed child, set standards for developing locally appropriate feeding recommendations. They provide guidance on desired feeding behaviors as well as on the amount, consistency, energy density and nutrient content of foods. For energy, 200, 300, and 550 kcal per day is expected to be covered by complementary foods at 6–8, 9–11, and 12–23 months, respectively In addition, the complementary foods must provide relatively large proportions of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin –A. Complementary feeding should be timely, meaning that all infants should start receiving foods in addition to breast milk from 6 months onwards. It should be adequate, meaning that the complementary foods should be given in amounts and consistency and using a variety of foods to cover the nutritional needs of the growing child while maintaining breastfeeding.
Abstract: Malnutrition is the main factor for mortality and morbidity of children in developing countries. In Ethiopia 57% of death of children under 5 year of age are due to malnutrition. Inappropriate complementary feeding practices and it underlies more than one-third of child mortality in Ethiopia. Baby’s growth and development is dependent on the type a...
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